Latest Cultivation Techniques and Methods Tutorial for Nian Ju (Kumquat)
Nian Ju, also known as small-leaf kumquat, is an evergreen shrub with a round-topped crown and upright, spreading, dense branches. It is a fine gift item for people seeking good luck and auspiciousness during festivals. It has strong shade tolerance, strong stress resistance, and tolerance of extensive management. Its fruit is large and beautifully shaped, golden in color, bright and tasty, and has the effects of resolving phlegm and relieving cough, clearing the heart and moistening the lungs, beautifying the complexion, and promoting digestion. It has a well-developed root system, and the peel also has medicinal value. So how should Nian Ju be planted? Let us learn about it together.
1. Site Selection and Orchard Establishment
Nian Ju cultivation requires deep soil, with a soil pH between 5.5-7. The orchard terrain should be less than 25 degrees. In orchard planning, roads, irrigation and drainage facilities, and other arrangements should be included. When establishing an orchard in a place with good transportation and water source conditions, several small points should be noted. First, pay attention to the planting time. Generally, planting is done after the autumn shoots mature in -November or before the spring shoots sprout in 2-3 month. When planting, rational close planting should be adopted, generally using a density of 3m between plants × 4m between rows. Before planting, dig holes and apply fertilizer to ensure the needs of young tree growth. When planting, moderately prune the root system of the seedlings and place them in the center of the planting hole, spread the roots, hold the plant upright, fill in soil while gently lifting the seedling upward and firming it, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil, then water thoroughly to settle the roots.
2. Fertilization
Generally, Nian Ju bears fruit in three years, and the fruiting time is usually in August. At this time, the fruit expands rapidly and requires a great amount of water and fertilizer. Therefore, for plants that bear more fruit and whose leaves turn yellow due to deficiency, a heavy application of fruit-strengthening fertilizer should be given. Generally, apply 1-2 jin of compound fertilizer or 0.2 jin of urea per plant. Dig a ring-shaped fertilization ditch 1-1.2 m long outside the drip line of the canopy and apply the fertilizer. For each mature tree, apply 1 jin of compound fertilizer and 0.2 jin of urea. When the autumn shoots grow to 8-10 cm, apply 0.3 jin of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per plant to promote the maturation of the autumn shoots.
3. Irrigation and Drought Resistance
In autumn, the temperature is relatively high, the light duration is longer, and it is also strong light exposure. Therefore, it is best to carry out ground mulching to preserve heat and moisture. A 10-15 cm thick layer of rice straw or weeds can be spread around the tree disk. During autumn drought, when there is no rain for a long time, timely irrigation should be carried out. It is best to irrigate in the morning and evening. At the same time, autumn is a period of frequent typhoons. Attention should be paid to timely clearing drainage ditches before typhoons arrive to avoid water accumulation and root rot.
4. Pest and Disease Control
8-10 is a high-temperature season, and it is also the peak period for the occurrence of pests and diseases in Nian Ju. At this time, there are many pests and diseases, so inspections should be frequent and timely control should be carried out, trying to use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides. Attention should also be paid to alternating the use of pesticides to avoid developing resistance.
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