How to Grow European Pears? The Latest Cultivation Techniques and Methods Tutorial
The European pear originated in the United States and differs greatly from Chinese pears; its branches are strongly upright, the fruit stalks are thick and short, and the fruit must undergo after-ripening before it can be eaten. In recent years it has become deeply loved by people, so how should European pears be grown? Let's find out together.
1. Growing Environment
The European pear requires a cool and dry climate, and is not suitable for planting in areas with an annual average temperature greater than 15 degrees. Its leaves have a relatively high suitable temperature for photosynthesis, and in the later stage of fruit development it requires a large day-night temperature difference, which is beneficial to fruit quality. The European pear has strong drought tolerance, but when cultivated in the south it very easily leads to excessive vegetative growth of the branches, with severe disease, so it is recommended to choose the north for cultivation. It is not strict about soil requirements and is relatively tolerant of moisture, waterlogging and salinity-alkalinity, and can be planted within a pH range of 5.8-8.5. Deep soil layers with good drainage, sandy loam or light loam, are best. When the soil is too poor, fruit growth and development will be hindered, the flesh will become hard, and the flavor will be poor.
2. Planting
Nursery stock is best planted in autumn after leaf fall, when the survival rate is high, the recovery period is short, and growth is vigorous the following year. If there is winter drought and a lack of water, then plant in spring. Planting distance varies with crown size. Large-crown varieties should have larger row and plant spacings, at 4-5 m × 5-6 m; medium-crown varieties are suitable at 3-4 m × 5-6 m; for small-crown varieties, the row and plant spacings can be further reduced to 3-3.5 m × 4-5 m, to give full play to the advantages of close planting and early production. In coastal areas with strong winds, windbreak forests should be established to reduce wind damage.
3. Fertilizer and Water Management
When establishing the orchard, apply 3000 kg of high-quality barnyard manure per mu. After entering the fruiting stage, apply decomposed farmyard manure in autumn as a base fertilizer; the application rate should be flexibly controlled according to tree vigor, yield, and the original soil fertility. After the third and fourth years, apply 2000-2500 kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. During the growing season of young trees, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to accelerate the growth and formation of the young trees; in the 2nd and 3rd years, supplement each tree with 100 kg of urea. Pear trees that have entered the fruiting stage should be top-dressed twice: once before spring sprouting, applying 1 kg of compound fertilizer per tree, and the second time after petal fall, supplementing with a full-nutrient quick-acting fertilizer to promote the development of young fruit. In addition, calcium, boron and other elements should also be supplemented through foliar fertilizer, especially in the later stage of fruit development, to improve quality.
4. Flower and Fruit Management
The European pear must be strictly thinned of flowers and fruit, leaving 1 flower cluster about every 20 cm. For fruit thinning, first remove deformed fruit and lopsided fruit, then leave 1 fruit at a spacing of about 25 cm, or leave fruit according to the standard leaf-to-fruit ratio of 60:1, keeping the hanging fruit.
The above is an introduction to the cultivation techniques for European pears. We hope it can help you. To learn more related knowledge, please stay tuned to us.