The Latest Comprehensive Interpretation of the Physiological Characteristics of Watermelon
Watermelon is a fruit that everyone enjoys eating very much, and it contains extremely rich nutrients, so its nutritional value is also very high. Nowadays, the planting area of watermelon in our country is also very large, and it is basically grown in all parts of our country. When growing watermelon, we must first clearly understand the physiological characteristics of watermelon so that we can grow it better and improve its yield and quality. So what are the physiological characteristics of watermelon? Below, the editor will give you a brief introduction. Let's take a look together!
1. Characteristics of the Roots
The root distribution of watermelon is relatively deep and also very extensive. Therefore, the growth and absorption capacity of watermelon roots is relatively strong, and they can fully utilize the nutrients and water in the soil, giving the plant a strong drought tolerance. The main root of watermelon can generally reach a depth of about 0.8 m. Where the main root approaches the soil surface at about 20 cm, about 5 primary roots will form. Then they will grow horizontally within a diameter of 3 m and gradually form secondary and tertiary roots, becoming the main root group of the watermelon plant. The root group is mainly concentrated in the plow layer at about 35 cm. Watermelon roots develop relatively early, but they are rather delicate and easily damaged. If injured, they very easily become suberized, and new roots are slow to emerge. In addition, the roots also require a large amount of oxygen.
2. Characteristics of the Stems and Vines
The stems and vines of watermelon include the hypocotyl and the vines on the cotyledon node, and are mainly leathery and vine-like. During the early growth stage of watermelon vines, the internodes are relatively short, and the seedlings are generally upright. After growing to about 5 nodes, they begin to elongate, reaching a length of about 20 cm by the fruit-setting stage. The branching ability of the vines is also relatively strong. Generally, depending on the variety and plant vigor, about 5 levels of lateral branches can form, thereby creating a huge nutritional system. After the branches enter the vine-extension stage, lateral branches will form on the main vine, and their vigor will differ depending on their position.
3. Characteristics of the Leaves
The cotyledons of watermelon are generally oval. At emergence, if the temperature is relatively high and moisture is sufficient, the leaves will be very thick and fleshy. The growth condition and retention time of the cotyledons are important criteria for judging seedling quality. The true leaves of watermelon are usually simple leaves, divided into petiole and leaf blade, with relatively deep incisions, and are palmately lobed. The shape of the leaves also varies depending on their position. Their size and growth capacity are related to pruning techniques. If they are allowed to grow freely, the leaves will be smaller, thinner, and lighter in color. On the contrary, proper pruning can alleviate this phenomenon.
4. Characteristics of Flowers and Fruits
The flowers of watermelon are unisexual flowers, with male and female flowers on the same plant. Some stamens of female flowers will develop into pistils, thereby becoming female bisexual flowers. The flower bud differentiation of watermelon occurs relatively early. When the two cotyledons are fully developed, the first male flower bud begins to differentiate. Then, when the second true leaf unfolds, the first male flower differentiates, and this is the period that determines flower sex. The fruit of watermelon develops from the ovary, and the pepo is composed of the rind, inner rind, and the seed-bearing placenta. The rind of the watermelon fruit is very firm and mainly develops from the ovary wall, and its structure is relatively complex.
The above is a brief introduction to the physiological characteristics of watermelon. That is all for today's introduction. This article is for reference only, and we hope it can help everyone!