What Are the Common Harvester Faults? A Detailed Guide to Repair Methods
Every rice harvest season, how to ensure that the combine harvester is in the best harvesting condition is what operators care about most. The harvester has a complex structure, and during operation, no matter which working system has a problem, it will delay time and work, and also cause grain waste. Therefore, in addition to early trial running, overhaul and maintenance of the harvesting machinery, operators should also master troubleshooting techniques in actual operation, so as to effectively improve the economic benefits of the harvester.
Damaged cutter blades: This is mainly caused by the cutter hitting hard objects such as stones and tree roots during cutting; loose or deformed guard fingers, causing inconsistent height of the stationary blades; loose blade rivets, causing mutual collision during cutting, and other reasons. To prevent blade damage, avoid obstacles in front of the cutter during operation; when maintaining the combine harvester, pay attention to correctly installing the cutter.
Broken knife bar: Apart from excessive resistance in the cutter's movement, the main cause of a broken knife bar is incorrect installation position of the cutter drive mechanism. To prevent the knife bar from breaking, correctly adjust the cutter to reduce the resistance of the cutter's movement, and at the same time adjust the installation position of the cutter drive mechanism to meet assembly requirements.
Header auger slipping: The main cause of auger slipping is that the gap between the auger's spiral flights and the header bottom plate is too large. To prevent this fault, correctly adjust the gap between the spiral flights and the header bottom plate according to different conditions such as crop density and height. When harvesting low-growing crops, the gap can be adjusted smaller to about 10 mm. When the edge of the spiral flight is worn smooth, a file can be used to cut small teeth on the edge of the flight to restore and increase its pushing capacity.
Drum blockage: There are many causes of drum blockage, such as too small a drum clearance; insufficient engine horsepower, belt slipping, so that the drum speed is not enough; insufficient speed of the straw walker wheel and straw walker, resulting in poor straw discharge; crops being too wet and too dense; too many tough weeds, the harvester moving forward too fast, and so on. To prevent drum blockage, when harvesting grassy and wet crops, appropriately increase the clearance between the drum and the concave; when hearing the sound of drum speed dropping, reduce the machine's forward speed or temporarily stop moving forward; adjust the belt tension; correctly adjust the drum speed and the clearance of the straw walker wood bearings.
Broken chains: There are also many causes of chain breakage, such as the sprockets in the transmission circuit not being in the same rotation plane; a bent transmission shaft; continued use of a chain after severe wear; improper chain tightness; sprocket wear exceeding the allowable limit; the cotter pin of the sleeve roller chain being worn and falling off, or the joint clip being installed with its opening facing the wrong direction; severe wear of the hook-shaped chain or reverse installation, all of which can cause the chain to slip off, break and come apart. To prevent this fault, the sprockets in the same transmission circuit must be in the same rotation plane; frequently check the wear of the chain, repair and replace it in time; frequently check the condition of the chain joint cotter pin and replace it when necessary; straighten the bent transmission shaft so that the sprocket does not exceed the allowable swing amount when rotating; correctly adjust the chain tightness; repair and replace sprockets that exceed the wear limit in time, and correctly adjust the safety clutch; lubricate the transmission chain in time.