2017 Soybean Variety Selection by Accumulated Temperature Zone and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques

Recently, the Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Commission formulated the "Heilongjiang Province 2017 Crop High-Quality and High-Efficiency Variety Planting Zoning Layout" (hereinafter referred to as the "Zoning Layout") and special supporting cultivation techniques for each crop. Below, the editor shares with everyone the soybean variety selection and high-efficiency cultivation techniques for each accumulated temperature zone.

Heilongjiang Province 2017 High-Quality and High-Efficiency Zoning Layout (Soybean Section)

High-Oil Soybean High-Quality and High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques

I. Reasonable Selection of Previous Crops

Select plots with deep topsoil, fertile soil and flat terrain, with corn, potato and wheat as the main previous crops. According to the use of long-residual herbicides in recent years, adjust crop rotation reasonably, implement reasonable rotation of three years or more (including three years), do not plant soybean after soybean, and do not plant soybean after soybean from the previous year.

II. Scientific Soil Preparation

On the basis of reasonable crop rotation, with “deep loosening” as the main measure, combine plowing, harrowing, rotary tillage, ridging and pressing for soil preparation. For corn stubble, in autumn, mechanically harvest and crush the straw evenly and return it to the surface -- use a stubble and straw crushing and returning machine to mix the straw with the soil (or use heavy harrowing to break up the stubble and straw, or use a hydraulic reversible plow to turn them into a plow layer of more than 35 cm) → autumn deep loosening → autumn ridging; for wheat stubble, mechanically harvest and crush the straw evenly and return it to the surface → summer deep plowing → ridging after harrowing; for potato stubble, after harvest directly harrow and ridge.

III. Seeds and Their Treatment

(1) Carefully Select Excellent Varieties

Select high-quality high-oil soybean varieties that adapt to local ecological conditions and have been approved and promoted, and carry out specialized variety production. Second accumulated temperature zone: Suinong 35, Suinong 36, Hefeng 55, Hefeng 50 and other varieties; third accumulated temperature zone: Suinong 38, Beidou 40, Dongsheng 7 and other varieties; fourth accumulated temperature zone: Keshan No. 1 variety; fifth accumulated temperature zone: Huajiang No. 4, Dongnong 49, Beidou 53 and other varieties.

(2) Seed Selection

Before sowing, carry out mechanical selection or manual grain selection, remove diseased-spot seeds, insect-damaged seeds, broken seeds and impurities, so that seed purity reaches 98%, varietal purity reaches 98%, germination rate reaches 95%, and quality reaches grade II or above in the seed grading standard.

(3) Seed Treatment

1. Seed dressing

Before sowing, use 8-10 grams of ammonium molybdate per mu, dilute into a 3%-5% solution and dress the seeds.

2. Rhizobium inoculation

When sowing is near, use 15 milliliters of soybean rhizobium per mu of seeds for seed dressing, and sow immediately after dressing.

IV. Precise Fertilization

Combine farm manure with chemical fertilizer, combine nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with medium and trace elements, and combine base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing for precise fertilization.

(1) Base fertilizer

Use livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and other raw materials to compost fully decomposed, fermented and harmless farm manure, apply 1.5-2 tons per mu, and apply it all at once in combination with soil preparation.

(2) Seed fertilizer

According to soil fertilizer supply capacity and soil nutrient balance, carry out soil testing and formula fertilization. Generally, in the central-southern and western regions (accumulated temperature zones 1-3): urea 3.5 kg, diammonium phosphate 10-12 kg, potassium sulfate 4-5 kg; eastern Sanjiang Plain (accumulated temperature zones 2-4): urea 3 kg, diammonium phosphate 10-12 kg, potassium sulfate 3.3-5 kg; northern region (accumulated temperature zones 4-6): urea 2.5 kg, diammonium phosphate 9-11 kg, potassium sulfate 3.3-4 kg.

(3) Topdressing

At the early flowering stage of soybean, spray on the leaves per mu 0.3-0.5 kg urea plus 0.35-0.4 kg potassium sulfate plus 0.3 kg iron fertilizer (chelated iron fertilizer).

V. Precision Sowing

(1) Sowing period

Sow early at the appropriate time when the local soil temperature steadily passes 7-8°C. For accumulated temperature zones 1 and 2, April 28 to May 5; for zones 3 and 4, May 5 to May 10; for zones 5 and 6, May 10 to May 15. For sowing, use an air-suction seeder, sow precisely, with uniform seed drop, consistent sowing depth and strict soil covering, and strictly control quality.

(2) Planting method

In accumulated temperature zones 1 and 2, plant 2 rows on conventional 65-70 cm ridges, with a small row spacing of 10-12 cm between the double rows; in accumulated temperature zones 3, 4, 5 and 6, plant 3-4 rows on 110 cm large ridges. For three rows, the average row spacing is 22.5 cm; for four rows, the small row spacing is 12 cm and the wide row spacing is 21 cm.

(3) Planting density

Determine planting density reasonably according to variety characteristics, soil fertility conditions, fertilization level and planting method. In the first accumulated temperature zone, with conventional 65-70 cm ridge planting, keep 14,700-16,700 plants per mu; in the second accumulated temperature zone, with conventional 65-70 cm ridge planting, keep 16,700-18,700 plants per mu; in the third accumulated temperature zone, with 110 cm large ridge planting, keep 22,000-24,000 plants per mu; in the fourth accumulated temperature zone, with 110 cm large ridge planting, keep 24,000-25,300 plants per mu; in the fifth accumulated temperature zone, with 110 cm large ridge planting, keep 25,300-26,700 plants per mu; in the sixth accumulated temperature zone, with 110 cm large ridge planting, keep 26,700-28,000 plants per mu.

VI. Fine Management

(1) Deep loosening

When soybean emerges from the soil, carry out deep loosening before hoeing or plow once, loosen the soil, increase temperature and disperse cold, store water and preserve moisture, and promote soybean seedling growth.

(2) Hoeing and plowing

Hoe and plow in time, and during the soybean growth period carry out two hoeings and three plowings, with the seedling damage rate from hoeing and plowing less than 3%.

(3) Sprinkler irrigation

In case of drought during the flowering and podding stage and the seed-filling stage, irrigate in time to keep soil moisture at about 25-30%, preserve flowers and pods, and improve yield and quality.