How to Use Corn and Sugarcane Straw Returning Machines in Autumn: Techniques and Precautions
Autumn mechanized straw returning technology refers to the use of different straw crushing and returning machines to directly chop and return corn, rice, sugarcane and other straw to the field.
(1) Corn straw returning technology
1. Technical content
After corn ears are picked, use a corn straw returning machine to chop the corn straw in place and spread it evenly on the ground, then directly carry out no-till sowing. For conventional tillage, a disc harrow or rotary tiller can be used to crush the stubble, and after applying a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer, a deep plough can be used to turn and bury it; after leveling, a disc seeder can be used to sow wheat.
2. Technical requirements
Quality requirements for corn straw returning operations: stubble height ≤8cm, stalk chopping length ≤10 cm, uneven spreading rate ≤20%.
(1) Straw crushing and returning. After corn ears are fully picked, when the straw moisture content is above 30%, use a straw crushing and returning machine to crush it in time. During operation, pay attention to selecting the tractor operating gear and adjusting the stubble height, strictly prevent missed cutting; corn straw must not be crushed after being knocked down, and the ground clearance of the working parts should preferably be controlled at more than 5cm.
(2) Deep ploughing and burying. When burying corn straw by ploughing, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be added to speed up straw decomposition and help it quickly become available nutrients. The ploughing depth should be suitable for breaking the plough pan; through ploughing, pressing and covering, eliminate soil voids caused by straw, and water promptly to promote straw decomposition.
3. Precautions
(1) After corn harvest, straw should be returned to the field promptly while it is still fresh and tender.
(2) When operating at the headland, wait until the straw is completely chopped before lifting the straw returning machine to turn.
(3) When the returning machine is working, personnel should not approach the rotating parts; it is strictly forbidden to ride on the returning machine; when reversing, power should be cut off to stop rotation and the chopper should be lifted.
(2) Mechanized technology for crushing and returning sugarcane leaves
1. Technical content
The mechanized technology for crushing and returning sugarcane leaves refers to the operation process of using a sugarcane leaf crushing and returning machine to crush sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tops left in the sugarcane field in the field, and then mechanically turning and burying the crushed sugarcane leaves into the soil.
2. Technical requirements
(1) Operating conditions: sugarcane row spacing is 110cm-150cm; sugarcane leaf moisture content <30%; the plot is relatively flat, slope <15 degrees; the ratoon stubble height of sugarcane ridges is <3cm.
(2) Operation quality: sugarcane leaf crushing length <25cm, qualified rate should be >80%; damage rate to ratoon stubble <8%, missed crushing rate <8%. Sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tops length <25cm, pickup rate >90%, crushed sugarcane leaves spread evenly.
(3) Technical route
Turning and burying into soil (newly planted sugarcane): mechanical crushing (cutting into sections), spreading sugarcane leaves → turning and burying into soil during ridge breaking or intertillage (ratoon sugarcane)
3. Precautions
(1) After sugarcane harvest, wait until the surface moisture of the sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tops left in the sugarcane field has dried in the air or in the sun before carrying out the sugarcane leaf crushing and returning operation.
(2) During operation, pay attention to adjusting the ground clearance of the tips of the blades or hammers of the sugarcane leaf crushing and returning machine to about 10cm, to avoid the blades or hammers cutting into the soil and damaging the ratoon sugarcane stumps.
(3) After ratoon sugarcane leaves are crushed, if an intertillage and hilling machine is used for intertillage and hilling, the sugarcane leaves should be turned and buried in the soil layer below 15-20cm.