How can a medium-sized straw chopping and returning machine be maintained for the best results?
Using medium-sized machinery to return straw to the field can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility, and promote sustained increases in crop yields and income. So how can a straw chopping and returning machine be maintained for the best results?
1. Preparation before operation: Carefully check whether all parts are connected reliably, whether fasteners are loose, and whether rotating parts move freely. Check the knife holders and blades one by one, and if deformation, damage, or shortage is found, repair, replace, or replenish them promptly. Also check and adjust the tension of the V-belt, and add lubricating oil and grease as required. At the same time, after hitching properly, run it idle for 3-5 minutes, and only put it into operation after confirming that all parts are running normally.
2. Key operating points: After the unit enters the field, first adjust the tractor's suspension rods so that the machine is level front to back and left to right, and pay attention to adjusting the height of the depth-limiting wheels to maintain a reasonable stubble height and strictly prevent the blades from entering the soil. Use different operating speeds according to crop density and growth, soil moisture content, and firmness, and constantly observe the tension of the drive belt; if it is too loose or too tight, adjust it promptly. When connecting the power output shaft, run at low speed and no load; only after the engine accelerates to rated speed may the unit slowly start and enter load operation. It is strictly forbidden to start the straw returning machine under load or to start the unit too abruptly, so as to avoid damaging machine parts, and it is also not allowed to turn or reverse under load. When the unit moves between fields, the power should be cut off. Non-operators are strictly forbidden to approach the operating unit or follow behind the machine, to ensure personal safety.
3. Maintenance after operation: Promptly remove accumulated material from rotating parts and the layer of mud adhering to the inner wall of the guard plate, and check all rotating parts and fasteners, adjust and replace them promptly, and add grease to each lubricator. When not in use for a long time, also carry out anti-corrosion treatment on exposed parts. The blades should be oiled for storage, and the machine should be stored in a dry, ventilated, light-transmitting warehouse. If stored in the open air, rainproof and sunproof facilities should be added.
Note: Adjustment methods before use of the straw returning machine
Before operation, the straw returning machine should undergo a technical inspection according to the factory product acceptance and appraisal technical conditions, and trial operation, adjustment, and maintenance should be carried out according to the instruction manual. The matching tractor or corn combine harvester should maintain the required technical condition. After connecting the power to the implement, carry out a comprehensive inspection.
1. Installation of the universal joint. Three points must be noted: (1) It should be ensured that when the straw returning machine is working, the square shaft, sleeve, and yoke neither jam nor lack sufficient matching length; (2) The universal joint must be installed correctly; if installed in the wrong direction, it will produce noise; (3) The length of the universal joint square shaft and square sleeve and the diameters of the driving and driven pulleys vary according to the size of the matched tractor suspension mechanism and the power output speed, and should be selected according to the instruction manual when purchasing and using.
2. Adjustment of the implement. After the returning machine is connected to the tractor, adjust the left-right level, front-back level, and operating stubble height of the returning machine. By adjusting the length of the main pull rod, keep the unit level front to back; adjust the length of the diagonal pull rod to keep the unit level left to right; according to operating quality requirements and ground conditions, determine the position of the hydraulic handle to control the stubble height and the lifting height when turning at the headland.
(1) Left-right level adjustment. Adjust the diagonal pull rod so that the implement is level left to right, and at the same time adjust the lower connecting shaft into the long hole so that it can float during operation.
(2) Front-back level adjustment. Adjust the middle pull rod so that the implement is level front to back.
(3) Stubble height adjustment. The ground clearance of the hammer claws or flail blades should be adjusted as appropriate according to soil firmness, crop planting form, and surface flatness. Raise the returning machine, loosen the fastening screws on the lifting lugs on both sides of the roller, and adjust arbitrarily among the upper and lower 4 holes. Adjusting downward makes the stubble height higher, and adjusting upward makes the stubble height lower. After adjustment, tighten the screws. Adjustment can also be made by changing the lifting pull rod, but the first method is best.
(4) V-belt tightness adjustment. If the belt is too loose, adjust the nut on the tensioner bracket inward; if the belt is too tight, adjust the nut outward.
(5) Adjustment of gearbox meshing clearance. After the straw returning machine has worked for a period of time, wear causes changes in the axial clearance of the driving shaft and the meshing clearance of the bevel gears. During adjustment, it can be adjusted by adding or reducing adjusting shims.
3. Before operation, check whether all parts are intact and whether fasteners are loose, and add gear oil to the gearbox. Generally, the oil level should be such that the large gear is immersed to 1/3 in the oil, and grease should be added to each lubrication point.
4. After inspection is completed, run it idle for 5-10 minutes, and only carry out operation after confirming that all parts are in good running condition.