Repair Methods for Corn, Rice and Sorghum Straw Pulverizing and Returning Machines

Straw returning machine belongs to a type of conservation tillage implement. This machine was developed for the utilization of straw resources in the vast rural areas of our country. Straw returning machines can basically be divided into: straight blade type, curved blade type and hammer claw type.

Straight blade type: small cutting edge, low power consumption, high work efficiency, large number of blades, many impacts on the straw, good chopping quality, but its blade repair cost is high. It is mainly used on flat land where the straw is not particularly thick and large.

Curved blade type: the pulverizing effect is not as good as the straight blade type, and the power consumption is large, but its picking-up function is stronger than that of the straight blade. It is more suitable for areas where the straw returning effect is not strict and one-pass operation is carried out, and for plots with uneven surface and relatively deep furrows and hollows.

Hammer claw type: strong impact capability, good pulverizing and picking-up effect when the cutters are relatively new. If the edge is worn, the pulverizing effect and picking-up effect (function) will drop sharply. Its advantages are a small number of hammer claws, low repair cost, large hammering force, high negative pressure generated, good feeding performance, and good adaptability to sandy and gravelly land.

The common faults of corn, rice and sorghum straw pulverizing and returning machines mainly include: poor pulverizing quality, blocked feed inlet, strong machine vibration, serious wear of the transmission belt, etc. So what are the specific causes of these faults and the repair methods:

1. Poor pulverizing quality. The main causes are that the transmission belt is too loose, the blades are worn or missing, the forward speed is too fast, the load is too heavy, the blades are installed in reverse, etc. Corresponding replacement or adjustment should be carried out according to the inspection situation.

2. Blocked feed inlet. The cause lies in the crops being too dense or the forward speed being too fast. The method to eliminate the fault is to reduce the number of working rows or lower the working speed.

3. Strong machine vibration. The causes may be blade detachment, loose fastening bolts, wrong installation direction of the universal joint yoke, bearing damage, etc. It should be eliminated according to the inspection results.

4. Serious wear of the transmission belt. The causes are improper belt tension, inconsistent length, excessive load or blades hitting the soil, etc. Corresponding adjustment should be made according to the actual inspection situation.

Note 1: Installation and adjustment of the straw pulverizing and returning machine

In order to give full play to the role of the straw returning machine and achieve the goals of safety, high efficiency and low consumption, the driver must use and adjust it correctly during operation.

1. Installation of the universal joint. For the connection between the universal joint and the main machine, it should be ensured that when the returning machine and the lifting square shaft are connected, the sleeve and the yoke are neither jammed nor too short, and that the fork surfaces of the two middle yokes of the transmission shaft are in the same plane. If the direction is installed incorrectly, it will not only produce noise, but also increase the vibration of the returning machine and easily cause damage to the machine parts.

2. Adjustment of the levelness of the returning machine and the stubble height. After the returning machine is connected to the tractor, the left and right diagonal pull rods of the tractor suspension mechanism should be adjusted so that the returning machine is level from left to right; the upper pull rod of the tractor should be adjusted so that it is close to level longitudinally. According to the degree of soil looseness, crop planting pattern and plot flatness, adjust the relative position of the front end of the land wheel connecting plate and the left and right side plates to obtain a suitable stubble height.

3. Inspection of all parts and lubricating parts. Before operation, first check whether all parts are complete, whether the fasteners are loose, whether the belt tension is appropriate, and add gear oil to the gearbox and grease to the parts requiring lubrication as required.

4. No-load running test. After the inspection is completed, raise the cutters of the returning machine to 20-25 cm above the ground. If the lifting position is too high, the universal joint is easily damaged. Engage the power output shaft and run idle for 3-5 minutes. Only after confirming that all parts are running well can operation begin.

Note 2: Safe use of the straw pulverizing and returning machine

1. The straw pulverizer should be fixed on the ground, and cement can be used for fixation. If the work location is frequently changed, the pulverizer and the motor should be installed on a base made of angle steel.

2. After the straw pulverizer is installed, it should be carefully checked whether the installation is in place and whether anything is not firmly installed. Check whether the motor shaft and the pulverizer shaft are parallel, and at the same time check whether the transmission belt tension is appropriate.

3. Before starting the straw pulverizer, first turn the rotor by hand to check whether the operation is flexible and normal, whether there is any collision inside the casing, whether the rotation direction of the rotor is correct, and whether the lubrication of the motor and the pulverizer is good.

4. Do not frequently replace the pulley of the straw pulverizer, in order to prevent the rotation speed from being too high or too low.

5. After the straw pulverizer is started, it should first run idle for 2 to 3 minutes, and only after there is no abnormal phenomenon should material be fed for work.

6. Feeding into the straw pulverizer should be uniform. If abnormal noise, excessively high temperature of the bearings and machine body, or material spraying outward is found, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection and the fault should be eliminated.

7. Before the straw pulverizer works, the staff should carefully inspect the material to prevent metal, stones and other hard objects from entering the pulverizing chamber and causing accidents.

8. When feeding, the staff should stand on the side of the straw pulverizer to prevent being injured by debris bouncing out. When pulverizing long stalks, do not grasp them too tightly with the hands, in order to prevent the hands from being pulled in.

9. Before stopping the straw pulverizer, first stop feeding. After the material inside the machine is completely discharged, cut off the power supply and stop the machine. After stopping, cleaning and maintenance should be carried out.

10. After the straw pulverizer has operated for 300 hours, the bearings must be cleaned and the oil changed; when filling oil, it is best to fill 1/3 of the bearing seat clearance, and it must not exceed 1/2 at most.