Effective Control Methods for Soil-borne Diseases in Continuous Vegetable Cropping
As the multiple cropping index continues to rise, soil-borne diseases of vegetables are becoming more and more serious, greatly affecting both the yield and quality of vegetables. The following methods can be adopted to control soil-borne diseases of vegetables.
1. Practice crop rotation. Carrying out rational rotation between crops, especially paddy-upland rotation, has a twice-the-result-with-half-the-effort effect on preventing soil-borne diseases of vegetables.
2. Select good varieties. Choosing vegetable varieties with strong disease resistance can greatly reduce soil-borne diseases.
3. Improve cultivation methods. Cultivate with deep furrows and high beds, water frequently but lightly, avoid flood irrigation, plant at a rational density, improve ventilation and light conditions, lower ground humidity, keep the field clean, pull out diseased plants, and sprinkle quicklime into the diseased planting holes for disinfection; control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, add more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve plant disease resistance, and in the late growth stage of vegetables, apply 2—3 foliar fertilizer applications together with pesticide spraying.
4. Soil disinfection. Before plowing, broadcast 50—75 kg of quicklime per mu, which can both disinfect and neutralize soil acidity. Where conditions permit, make use of the crop leisure season to irrigate and soak the soil; soaking for more than 10 days can basically control nematode damage. In greenhouses during the hot season, after plowing the soil, cover it with plastic film and seal the greenhouse film tightly; the ground temperature can reach above 50 degrees C, which can kill some of the pathogens in the soil. Carry out soil disinfection before sowing as follows: to control fungal diseases, choose 3% guangkuling aqueous solution at 300-500 times dilution, 5% jinggangmycin at 500-800 times dilution, etc. to drench the soil, or use genfuling or hymexazol at 500-1000 times dilution to drench the soil or mix with fine soil and broadcast evenly. To control bacterial diseases such as bacterial wilt and soft rot, choose xiaojunling, agricultural streptomycin, etc. to drench the soil.
5. Chemical control. When disease occurs during the vegetable growing period, according to the situation, choose the above pesticides for targeted control; control methods include spraying or root drenching, etc.