The Complete Guide to Plant Disease Classification and Formulated Treatments
Plant diseases refer to the phenomenon in which plants, under the influence of biotic or abiotic factors, undergo a series of morphological, physiological and biochemical pathological changes, thereby affecting human economic benefits. The symptoms of plant diseases are mainly divided into five major types: discoloration, necrosis, rot, wilting and deformity. The formulations and treatments required for different diseases also differ. Let us now look at them in detail.
Common protective fungicides (contact fungicides): mancozeb, chlorothalonil, sulfur and copper preparations (such as Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, basic copper chloride, cuprous oxide, etc.).
Common systemic fungicides: carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, metalaxyl, triadimefon, diniconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole, pyrimethanil, kresoxim-methyl, propamocarb, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, pyrimethanil, etc.
Broad-spectrum fungicides: chlorothalonil, mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl (converted into carbendazim in plants; effective against leaf spots, powdery mildew and downy mildew, ineffective against downy mildew and late blight diseases), propineb.
Downy mildew and late blight diseases
Main symptoms: downy mildew, late blight, white rust, Phytophthora root rot diseases, etc.
Biological prevention: Pythium oligandrum / Trichoderma / Bacillus licheniformis / berberine + sodium alginate
Chemical prevention: mancozeb / chlorothalonil + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Early-stage formulation: metalaxyl-mancozeb / mandipropamid / dimethomorph-mancozeb / cymoxanil-mancozeb / propamocarb hydrochloride + ethylicin + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Mid-stage formulation: fluopicolide-propamocarb (Yinfa Li) / pyraclostrobin / oxadixyl-cymoxanil (Yikuaijing) / propamocarb (Previcur) + chlorobromoisocyanuric acid + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Suitable crops: leafy vegetables, solanaceous fruits, cucurbits, legumes, onions and garlic
If late blight occurs, increase the level by one grade, and the control speed must be fast.
Tomato fruit-rib rot prevention: Nativo (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) + humic acid / brown sugar
Tomato fruit-rib rot treatment: Infinito (fluopicolide-propamocarb) + Yikuaijing (oxadixyl-cymoxanil) + humic acid / brown sugar
Mucor diseases
Main symptoms: gray mold, leaf mold, sclerotinia rot, etc.
Biological prevention: Trichoderma / berberine / catechin + sodium alginate
Chemical prevention: mancozeb / chlorothalonil + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Early-stage formulation: iprodione / pyrimethanil / procymidone + difenoconazole + ethylicin / chlorobromoisocyanuric acid + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Mid-stage formulation: boscalid / cyprodinil + difenoconazole + ethylicin / chlorobromoisocyanuric acid + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Leaf mold formulation: difenoconazole + polyoxin + ethylicin + humic acid / brown sugar
Sooty mold formulation: iprodione + difenoconazole + ethylicin
Suitable crops: leafy vegetables, solanaceous fruits, cucurbits, legumes, onions and garlic
Spot and blotch diseases
Main symptoms: brown spot, anthracnose, black spot, leaf spot, early blight, etc.
Prevention formulation: polyoxin / wuyiencin + sodium alginate
Treatment formulation: azole fungicides + ethylicin + polyoxin / wuyiencin + humic acid / brown sugar
Scab and spot disease prevention formulation: mancozeb / carbendazim / thiophanate-methyl / chlorothalonil + sodium alginate
Scab and spot disease treatment formulation: triazoles (difenoconazole, propiconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazole) / imidazoles (prochloraz, triflumizole) / strobilurins (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin) / dicarboximides (iprodione) + kasugamycin + ethylicin + humic acid / brown sugar
Suitable crops: leafy vegetables, solanaceous fruits, cucurbits, legumes, onions and garlic
Note: for azole fungicides, halve the dosage at the seedling stage of cucurbits and legumes, and use with caution on solanaceous fruits before flowering and fruit set.
Powdery mildew and rust diseases
Main symptoms: powdery mildew, rust, etc.
Prevention formulation: polyoxin / wuyiencin + sodium alginate
Treatment formulation: azole fungicides / ethirimol / enoxastrobin + ethylicin + humic acid / brown sugar + silicon fertilizer
Suitable crops: leafy vegetables, solanaceous fruits, cucurbits, legumes, onions and garlic
Note: for azole fungicides, halve the dosage at the seedling stage of cucurbits and legumes, and use with caution on solanaceous fruits before flowering and fruit set.
Root wilt diseases
(1) Fusarium and Verticillium wilt
Prevention formulation: horseradish extract / copper acetate / copper sulfate + humic acid + EM/CM (Trichoderma harzianum may be used)
Treatment formulation: hymexazol / metalaxyl-hymexazol + validamycin / pyrimidine nucleoside / polyoxin + rooting peptide + EM/CM
(2) Bacterial wilt
Prevention formulation: horseradish extract / copper acetate / copper sulfate + humic acid + EM/CM
Treatment formulation: streptomycin sulfate / zhongshengmycin / copper hydroxide / thiodiazole-copper + rooting peptide + EM/CM
(3) Phytophthora root rot
Prevention formulation: horseradish extract / copper acetate / copper sulfate + humic acid + EM/CM
Treatment formulation: oxadixyl-mancozeb (Sandofan; good effect against downy mildew, Pythium and white rust fungi) / propamocarb (Previcur) + hymexazol + thiophanate-methyl + rooting peptide + EM/CM
(4) Stem base rot
Prevention formulation: horseradish extract / copper acetate / copper sulfate + humic acid + EM/CM
Treatment formulation: thiophanate-methyl + hymexazol + pyrimidine nucleoside / polyoxin + EM/CM
(5) Sclerotinia rot
Prevention formulation: copper acetate / copper sulfate + humic acid + EM/CM
Treatment formulation: iprodione / pyrimethanil / procymidone / dimethachlon + ethylicin + polyoxin
(6) Gummy stem blight
Prevention formulation: carbendazim / propineb + amino-oligosaccharin
Treatment formulation: thiophanate-methyl + thiram + iprodione / difenoconazole + prochloraz
(7) Damping-off and seedling blight
Prevention formulation: horseradish extract / carbendazim / propineb + EM/CM
Treatment formulation: thiophanate-methyl + hymexazol + metalaxyl-mancozeb / oxadixyl-mancozeb + Trichoderma harzianum
(8) Root-knot nematode disease
Control formulation: abamectin / phoxim · phorate / fosthiazate + chitosan + rooting peptide
Suitable crops: solanaceous fruits, cucurbits, legumes