Control Methods for Pests and Diseases of the Three Major Grain Crops: Rice, Wheat and Corn

Rice, wheat and corn, the three grain crops, account for more than half of the world's food, and pests and diseases are a major cause affecting yields, so how should they be controlled? What methods are there? Let's take a look below.

I. Control methods for rice pests and diseases

(1) Rice blast.

1. Agricultural control: (1) Select high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties. Choosing high-yielding, disease-resistant or disease-tolerant varieties is an economical and effective measure for controlling rice blast. For example, the new varieties currently promoted, such as II You 128, Bo Er You 15 and Yuefengzhan, have good yield performance, excellent grain quality and resistance to rice blast. Varieties such as Qiguizao and glutinous rice are relatively susceptible to the disease.

(2) Strengthen cultivation management, advocate applying more organic fertilizer, apply sufficient basal fertilizer and apply topdressing early. Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a balanced formula according to ratio, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer alone.

(3) Promptly dispose of diseased rice straw and disinfect seeds (soaking seeds in Qianglijing, 2% formalin, lime water, carbendazim, etc.).

2. Chemical control: At the early stage of leaf blast or at the initial heading stage, the following agents may be selected per mu:

(1) 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 75-100 g.

(2) 40% isoprothiolane (Fuji-One) emulsifiable concentrate 75-100 ml.

(3) 2% Kasumin (kasugamycin) liquid 80-100 ml.

(4) 21.2% Kasu-Rehbi wettable powder 75-100 g.

(5) 13% Daojie (kasugamycin · tricyclazole) wettable powder 130-150 g. Spray with 50 kg of water.

(2) Rice sheath blight

1. Agricultural control: Try to reduce the source of inoculum and strengthen cultivation management, especially measures such as exposing and sun-drying the field to lower field humidity.

2. For chemical control, the following may be selected per mu:

(1) 5% validamycin aqueous solution 150-200 ml.

(2) 30% Aimiao emulsifiable concentrate 12-15 ml.

(3) 40% dimethachlon wettable powder 100-150 g.

(4) 5% Anfu suspension concentrate 60-100 g.

(5) Mansui suspension concentrate 13-22 g. Spray with 60 kg of water.

(3) Rice bacterial leaf blight

1. For chemical control, the following may be selected per mu:

(1) 20% bismerthiazol (Yeqingshuang, Yekuning) wettable powder 75-100 g.

(2) 90% Kejunzhuang wettable powder 50 g.

(3) 20% Longkejun (thiodiazole-copper) suspension concentrate 100-200 g.

(4) 30% Miankujing (trichloroisocyanuric acid) wettable powder 160-250 g. Spray with 60 kg of water.

(1) Rice yellow stem borer

1. Chemical control: Spray during the rice tillering stage and from the booting stage to before the full heading stage, during the peak hatching period of the newly hatched larvae, keeping a 5 cm water layer in the field when spraying. Generally, base the timing on the forecasts issued by the municipal forecasting station. The following may be selected per mu:

(1) 90% monosultap (Kemingdan) wettable powder 50-60 g.

(2) 25% chlorpyrifos · triazophos (chlorpyrifos + triazophos mixture) emulsifiable concentrate 70-80 ml.

(3) 50% cartap (Padan, Ledan) wettable powder 75-100 g.

(4) 5% fipronil suspension concentrate 40-60 ml.

(5) 18% dimehypo aqueous solution 150 g + 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 100 ml.

(6) 20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate 100-150 ml.

(7) 25% quinalphos emulsifiable concentrate 75-100 ml. Spray with 60 kg of water.

II. Control methods for wheat pests and diseases

1. Seed dressing. Wheat seed dressing can control soil-borne diseases, mainly sheath blight, take-all and root rot. Wheat seed may be dressed with 15% triadimefon wettable powder and 6% Silvax suspension concentrate.

2. Seed soaking. Wheat seeds are treated with microelement fertilizers.

3. Seed coating. Seed coating is the use of mechanical or manual methods to evenly coat the seed surface, in a certain proportion, with a seed-coating agent containing multiple components such as insecticides, fungicides, compound fertilizers, trace elements, plant growth regulators, slow-release agents and film-forming agents, forming a smooth, firm medicinal film. As the seed surface, a smooth, firm medicinal film is formed.

3. Broadcasting poisoned soil and poisoned bait.

4. Spray 1.5% dimethoate powder 1.5-2 kg per mu, or use 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate at 1000-1500 times dilution, or 50% monocrotophos emulsifiable concentrate at 1500 times dilution sprayed along the rows; the results are all very good and can also control wheat red spiders.

III. Control methods for corn pests and diseases

1. Brown spot: Use fungicides such as “methyl parathion” and at the same time use “Shihaomei” foliar fertilizer.

2. Stalk rot: Use “Shantui + Shihaomei” to spray and drench the corn roots.

3. Corn borer, armyworm and cotton bollworm: When the mosaic rate reaches 10% at the heart-leaf stage or around tasseling, use emamectin benzoate products for uniform spraying.

4. Corn rough dwarf disease: “Jingbo Zinc” can be added during the control of planthoppers.

5. Corn thrips: Use insecticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid for spray control.