How to manage production and choose herbicides for the three types of vegetables: eggplant, melons and beans?

Eggplant, melons and beans are three types of vegetables that frequently appear on the dining table and can supplement the vitamins the human body needs daily. So do you know how to manage the production of the three types of vegetables: eggplant, melons and beans? If weeds grow, how should herbicides be chosen? Let's find out together below.

I. Eggplant vegetables

1. There is more rain in June, so attention should be paid to opening ditches for drainage, strengthening earthing up, fixing the plants, and avoiding lodging. In particular, the control of devastating diseases and pests such as Phytophthora blight, Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt should be strengthened. For early-maturing eggplant varieties planted after Qingming, remove the lower senescent leaves before and after harvesting the first eggplant. When the plant height reaches 50 cm, the old leaves below the first eggplant must be removed.

2. These vegetables mainly include eggplant, pepper, tomato, potato, etc. For open-field cultivation, 5~7 days before transplanting, use 100~150 ml of 48% trifluralin emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 150~300 ml of 48% butralin emulsifiable concentrate, or 150~200 g of 20% napropamide, or 100~150 ml of 48% alachlor, mixed with 40~50 kg of water and sprayed on the soil surface to treat the soil. For the trifluralin herbicide, within 24 hours after spraying, use a hoe or toothed rake to loosen the 1~3 cm soil layer so that the herbicide mixes with the soil, reducing loss caused by photodegradation and improving efficacy. Vegetables cannot be transplanted immediately after spraying, otherwise phytotoxicity is likely to occur. Transplant after three days, and the efficacy can last 45~60 days.

3. For tomato, after sowing and before emergence, use 140~275 ml of 22% metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 100 g of 50% prometryn, and spray to treat the soil. After transplanting and seedling recovery, or after emergence, at the 3~5 leaf stage of weeds, spray 50~100 ml of 10% quizalofop emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 75~100 ml of 35% fluazifop-P-butyl emulsifiable concentrate, or 100~125 ml of 20% sethoxydim emulsifiable concentrate, which can effectively control grass weeds. Using 400 g of 25% nitrofen plus 10 g of 50% prometryn for directed spraying to treat the soil can effectively control weeds such as barnyardgrass, purslane and lambsquarters. For cultivation with plastic film mulching, after land preparation and bed making, use 100~150 ml of 33% pendimethalin per mu, or 75~100 ml of 72% metolachlor, or 150~200 g of 20% napropamide, mixed with 50 kg of water and sprayed on the soil surface, then immediately sow, transplant seedlings raised in nutrient pots, and cover with film. The efficacy lasts 45~60 days.

4. It is worth noting that when raising seedlings of solanaceous fruit vegetables in seedbeds, herbicides should be used with caution. Seedlings are generally raised in protected areas such as greenhouses or glasshouses. The temperature inside the shed is high and the humidity is high, and the use of common herbicides such as acetochlor and pendimethalin mostly has adverse effects on emergence and production, while napropamide is relatively safe to use. After sowing and before emergence, 60~80 ml of 50% napropamide emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed per mu mixed with 50 kg of water. The seedbed should be watered thoroughly before spraying, and the soil should be moist when spraying. For sandy soil, the dosage should be appropriately reduced, using 45 ml of 50% napropamide emulsifiable concentrate per mu.

II. Melon vegetables

1. Summer cucumber: at the 1~2 true leaf stage, spray 2000-fold 40% ethephon solution 1~2 times to promote female flowers.

2. Zucchini: topdress 1~2 times during the full fruit stage. Topdressing urea in the late fruiting stage can extend the fruiting period.

3. Luffa: apply less topdressing before flowering. After fruiting, topdress once with decomposed manure water at a concentration of 40%. During the harvest period, apply 500 kg of decomposed human and livestock manure urine per 667 sq m once every 7~8 days.

4. Bitter gourd: pay attention to timely harvesting, preferably early rather than late. Pumpkin. To prevent fruit abortion, when vine overgrowth occurs, irrigate the roots with a 200~250 mg/L chlormequat solution. On cloudy and rainy days and when insects are few, hand-pollinate. Apply a 20~25 mg/L 2,4-D solution to the flowers to prevent the fruit stalk from falling off. When the vine is 0.6 m long, press the vine for the first time, then press once every 0.3~0.5 m thereafter, for a total of three or four times. When there are already one or two fruits, select one fruit that is large, well-shaped and undamaged to keep, remove the rest of the fruits, remove side vines and pinch off the growing tips.

5. Watermelon: strengthen hand pollination, put on paper bags to protect against rain, start topdressing when the fruit grows to the size of an egg. One week before harvest, spraying the fruit surface with 200~300 mg/L ethephon can increase sweetness. During the fruit enlargement stage, pull the vine in front of the fruit backward and coil it on one side of the fruit, and at the same time pinch off the growing tip to inhibit excessive growth, do a good job of turning the fruit, and pay attention to opening ditches for drainage.

6. Melon vegetables are generally relatively sensitive to herbicides. Chemical weeding is generally carried out after transplanting and seedling recovery or after direct seeding and emergence. For winter melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., at the 6~8 leaf stage (vine length 20~30 cm), use 100~150 ml of 48% trifluralin or 100~150 ml of 48% alachlor per mu, mixed with 50 kg of water and sprayed between rows for directed spraying. The efficacy can be maintained for 30~60 days. Watermelon, muskmelon, zucchini, sweet melon, etc. have relatively stronger herbicide tolerance. Before sowing or after sowing and before emergence, use 100~150 ml of 33% pendimethalin, 75~100 ml of 72% metolachlor, or 100~150 ml of 48% alachlor per mu, mixed with 50 kg of water to treat the soil surface or bed surface, or after transplanting and seedling recovery, use one of the above herbicides for directed spraying. The efficacy can be maintained for 30~60 days. For luffa and bitter gourd, when the seedlings are 50 cm tall, use 150 ml of 48% alachlor per mu, mixed with 50 kg of water for directed soil treatment. For weeding in the seedbed of melon vegetables, after sowing and before emergence or before transplanting in the transplanting field, use 200 ml of 48% butralin emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 100~150 ml of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate, mixed with 150 kg of water and sprayed to treat the soil, giving a relatively good weeding effect.

III. Beans

1. Cowpea: when pods have formed and branches and leaves cover the trellis, apply a heavy dressing of decomposed human and livestock manure urine at a concentration of 50% once. After harvesting 2~3 batches of tender pods, strengthen topdressing to prevent premature aging. Strengthen the control of pod borers and other pests.

2. Hyacinth bean: during the mature plant stage, water once every few days and keep the soil moist regularly. Common bean: harvest in time and strengthen the control of anthracnose and other diseases.

3. Before sowing (for common bean, apply 1~14 days before sowing), use 100~150 ml of 48% trifluralin emulsifiable concentrate or 200 ml of 48% butralin emulsifiable concentrate, mix with 100 kg of water and spray the soil, then mix the soil to a depth of 3~5 cm, and sow after 5 days. After sowing and before emergence, use 48% alachlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 100~150 ml of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate, or 100 g of 50% prometryn wettable powder, mixed with 75~100 kg of water and sprayed on the soil. Or after sowing and before emergence, use 70~150 ml of 50% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 66~200 g of 50% simazine-plus wettable powder, or 40~90 g of 50% metribuzin wettable powder, mixed with 40~50 kg of water and sprayed. For post-emergence weeding to control grass weeds, at the 3~5 leaf stage of weeds, use 60~80 ml of 15% quizalofop-P-tefuryl emulsifiable concentrate per mu, or 100~120 ml of 20% sethoxydim per mu, or 50~75 ml of 10% quizalofop emulsifiable concentrate per mu. Alternatively, after emergence, use bentazone, fomesafen, etc. for foliar treatment.

IV. Precautions when weeding

1. Fine land preparation. Soil treatment in vegetable plots requires a level ground surface, fine and moist soil, creating good conditions for weed germination so that weeds germinate uniformly and neatly, which helps kill most weeds after one spraying.

2. Master the dosage. Before weeding in vegetable plots, two things must be accurate: the vegetable plot area must be accurate, and the calculated dosage must be accurate. In fields with high organic matter content, microorganisms decompose herbicides, and clay has an adsorption effect on herbicides. Therefore, for such vegetable plots, the dosage should be appropriately increased, while for sandy land and poor land, the dosage should be appropriately reduced. For cultivation with plastic film mulching, the ground temperature is high and the humidity is high, which can improve efficacy, and the dosage is generally reduced by about 20%~30% compared with open-field cultivation.

3. Choose the right application time. Trifluralin, napropamide, prometryn, pendimethalin, etc. are all soil treatment agents, and they also need to be absorbed through the young roots and young buds of weeds to produce efficacy and inhibit weed growth. They are generally applied before crop emergence or before planting. For herbicides used for foliar treatment, they are absorbed into the plant body through the stems and leaves of weeds, thereby destroying their meristematic tissues. The application time should preferably be at the 3~6 leaf stage of grass weeds.

4. Soil treatment agents must be sprayed after rain or after watering. That is, apply when the soil moisture content is 20%~30%. After spraying trifluralin, mix the soil to a depth of 2~3 cm in time to prevent inactivation by photodegradation. Other types of herbicides generally require protecting the soil surface herbicide film, and mixing soil and trampling should be avoided.

5. Pay attention to residues. There are many varieties of vegetables with different growth periods. When choosing herbicides, varieties with a relatively short residual life should be selected to avoid and reduce residues on vegetable products and ensure food safety.

6. When using herbicides in solar greenhouses and plastic tunnels, attention should be paid to ventilation during high temperatures to avoid phytotoxicity. Cucumber and others are sensitive to trifluralin and prometryn, and are also very sensitive to fields where these herbicides were used in the previous crop, so application and succession cropping should be avoided when using them.