Benefits, Implementation Methods and Technical Points of Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization for Crops
For crop growth, when the soil nutrients are insufficient, artificial fertilization is indispensable. So what is soil testing and formulated fertilization? How is it carried out? What benefits does it have? What techniques are involved? It is reported that soil testing and formulated fertilization is based on soil testing and fertilizer field trials, and according to crop nutrient requirements, soil nutrient supply capacity and fertilizer effects, on the basis of rational application of organic fertilizers, it proposes the application amounts, application periods and application methods of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace element fertilizers.
How is soil testing and formulated fertilization carried out?
1. Fertilizer card distribution method: agricultural technicians collect soil samples for analysis and testing, and according to the test results and the crop to be planted, propose a fertilizer formula ratio card and distribute it to farmers for their own preparation;
2. “One bag” fertilizer method: agricultural technicians collect soil samples for analysis and testing, and according to the crop variety to be planted, propose a special fertilizer formula, openly invite bids for fertilizer production enterprises with good reputation and quality to produce it, and farmers buy one bag of special fertilizer for each mu of crops.
What benefits does soil testing and formulated fertilization have?
1. Soil testing and formulated fertilization involves the combined application of several fertilizers, which can improve fertilizer use efficiency.
2. Soil testing and formulated fertilization can achieve different fertilizer formulas for different soils and crops, with targeted application, avoiding fertilizer waste and saving costs.
3. Soil testing and formulated fertilization has obvious effects in increasing yield and income.
4. Soil testing and formulated fertilization can improve the quality of agricultural products, build up soil fertility, protect the ecological environment, and improve crops' resistance to diseases and pests.
5. Soil testing and formulated fertilization can prepare high-concentration special formula fertilizers according to soil and crops, reducing the amount of fertilizer used per mu and reducing labor.
What techniques are involved in soil testing and formulated fertilization?
Soil testing and formulated fertilization techniques include five core links and nine key contents: “soil testing, formula, fertilizer blending, supply, and fertilization guidance.”
Field trials.
Field trials are the fundamental way to obtain the optimal fertilizer application rate, application period and application method for various crops, and are also the basic link for screening and verifying soil nutrient testing techniques and establishing a fertilization index system. Through field trials, it is possible to grasp the optimized fertilizer application rate for different crops in each fertilization unit, the distribution ratio of basal and topdressing fertilizers, the application period and application method; to understand basic parameters such as soil nutrient correction coefficients, soil nutrient supply, crop nutrient requirement parameters and fertilizer use efficiency; and to construct crop fertilization models, providing a basis for fertilization zoning and fertilizer formulas.
Soil testing.
Soil testing is one of the important bases for formulating fertilizer formulas. With the continuous adjustment of China's planting structure, high-yield crop varieties continue to emerge, the structure and amount of fertilization have changed greatly, and the soil nutrient pool has also changed significantly. Through testing soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace element nutrients, the status of soil nutrient supply capacity can be understood.
Formula design.
Fertilizer formula design is the core of soil testing and formulated fertilization work. By summarizing field trials, soil nutrient data, etc., different regional fertilization zones are divided; at the same time, according to the similarities and differences in climate, landforms, soil, farming systems, etc., combined with expert experience, fertilization formulas for different crops are proposed.
Correction trials.
To ensure the accuracy of fertilizer formulas and minimize the risk of mass production and large-scale application of formula fertilizers, three treatments are set up in each fertilization zoning unit: formula fertilization, farmers' customary fertilization, and blank fertilization. With local main crops and their main planted varieties as the research objects, the yield-increasing effect of formula fertilization is compared, fertilization parameters are checked, fertilizer formulas are verified and improved, and the technical parameters of soil testing and formulated fertilization are improved.
Formula processing.
Applying formulas to farmers' fields is the most critical link in improving and popularizing soil testing and formulated fertilization techniques. At present, different regions have different models, among which the most important and most market-promising operation model is market-oriented operation, factory processing, and networked management. This model adapts to the current situation in China's rural areas of low scientific and technological quality among farmers, small-scale land management, and the separation of technology and materials.