Onion Seed Rate Per Mu, Yield Per Mu and Field Cultivation Techniques
Onion, also known as bulb onion, round onion, jade onion, onion head, Dutch onion and foreign onion, is widely distributed in China and cultivated in both the north and the south, and is one of China's main vegetable crops. So how much onion seed is needed per mu? What is the yield per mu? What are the field cultivation techniques? According to onion grower Liu Xiangsheng, onions are generally raised as seedlings first and then transplanted to the field, and the seed rate per mu is about 3 jin.
What is the onion yield per mu?
The onion yield per mu is 6000-10000 jin. The key lies in how well it is managed, mainly that after transplanting the seedlings must all survive and grow uniformly, and that fertilizer and water management in the later stage must be meticulous.
High-yield onion cases:
1. Every year in mid-June, onions in Laizhou City, Yantai, begin to enter the harvest period, and a yield of more than 10000 jin per mu fills farmers with expectations for sales.
2. For the 1050 mu of onions in Daying Town, the average yield per mu after harvest reached 6000 kg, and the average net income per mu reached 8000 yuan.
What are the field cultivation techniques for onions?
Onion has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, tolerance to storage and transport, and a long supply period. Onion contains a variety of nutrients and has effects such as sterilization, disinfection, delaying aging, and preventing and fighting cancer, making it increasingly favored by consumers, with large market demand.
Right now is the key period for field land preparation and fertilization and for transplanting onions. The specific technical points are as follows:
1. Scientific land preparation and rational fertilization. After the rice harvest, plow in time and sun the soil clods, break up the soil clods, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Apply 3000-3500 kg of biogas residue or 4000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 8 kg of urea, 20-25 kg of ordinary calcium superphosphate, and 10-20 kg of potassium sulfate or 50-60 kg of plant ash per mu.
2. Standardized bed shaping and leveling of the bed surface. Open beds at a specification of 2 m, with a bed surface width of 1.8 m.
3. Rational film covering and timely weeding. Carry out chemical weeding before covering with film and transplanting. Use 100 g of “prometryn” or 150 ml of “butralin” per mu, mix with 50 kg of water, and spray it on the bed surface. Then cover with 2 m wide plastic film, press the edges of the film firmly with soil, and transplant after covering for 1 day; in this way the weeding effect is better.
4. Rational close planting. Select high-quality onion seedlings with well-developed roots, robust growth and uniform size, and from the end of October to early November, plant them directly through the film with a finger at a spacing of 13 cm x 18 cm or 14 cm x 16 cm, planting 2.2-2.4 ten thousand seedlings per mu, with a planting depth of 2-3 cm being suitable.
5. Strengthen field management
1. Water at the right time. After onion transplanting, water once to help the seedlings recover, promote root growth and rapid recovery. When the onion seedlings turn green, water to promote greening. As the temperature gradually rises, the plants enter the vigorous leaf growth stage, and water once every 7-8 days to keep the soil constantly moist.
2. Seedling hardening. After the seedlings grow to a certain height, when the bulbs begin to expand, carry out seedling hardening. After seedling hardening, onions enter the bulb expansion stage, nutrients in the plant are transported to the leaf base, the demand for water increases day by day, the temperature also gradually rises, and the number of waterings gradually increases, generally once every 6 days. Keep the soil moist, and morning is best for irrigation. When the bulbs are near maturity, the physiological functions of the leaves and root system decline, so stop irrigation.
3. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases
(1) Prevention first, integrated control. Give priority to agricultural, physical and biological control measures, apply plastic film mulching cultivation, hot water seed soaking and chemical seed soaking for seed treatment, and implement measures such as rice-onion rotation or rotation with non-lily family vegetables at an interval of 2-3 years, so as to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and reduce the dosage and number of pesticide applications in the field.
(2) Onions are susceptible to downy mildew, purple blotch and rust. For downy mildew and purple blotch, after the seedlings turn green, use 75% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 25% metalaxyl 800 times liquid, spraying 40 kg per mu each time for control. For rust, use 20 g of 12.5% hexaconazole per mu plus 40 kg of water for spray control, once every 10-15 days, spraying 2-3 times in succession.
(3) Control of onion insect pests. The main pests on onions include onion thrips, onion aphids and seed maggots. Use silver-gray plastic film mulching to repel aphid damage, and hang yellow sticky traps in the field to trap and kill thrips and onion aphids. For chemicals, choose 0.3% azadirachtin emulsifiable concentrate 800 times liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 10% lambda-cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 1200-1500 times liquid for spraying, or use pyrethrin and biogas slurry for spray control. Seed maggot is also called root maggot. The agricultural control method is to apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer and apply it deeply at 15 cm. For chemical control of seed maggot, the larvae must be controlled in time, and agents such as 40% phoxim and 40% chlorpyrifos can be used for root drenching.
6. Harvest at the right time
Onions can be harvested when the onion leaves change from green to yellow, the outer skin of the bulbs dries and splits, and the base of the false stem becomes soft and falls over. When harvesting, choose a sunny day, pull them up with the roots, and harvest and pack them in batches for sale.