What fertilizer should be used now for growing potatoes to get a high yield? Points to note when buying fertilizer
Potato is also called yangyu, shanyao dan, yangfan shu, tudou, yangyu, shanyang yu, didan, yangshan yu, Helan shu, shuzai, cizai, and is harvested in summer and autumn.So what fertilizer should be used now for growing potatoes to get a high yield? What should be noted when buying fertilizer?
What fertilizer should be used now for growing potatoes to get a high yield?
Potato is a crop that is relatively sensitive to fertilizer, tolerant of fertilizer and fond of potassium and sulfur. During its growth, among its demands for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, potassium is needed the most, followed by nitrogen, and phosphorus the least. According to differences in soil texture and the comprehensive national fertilizer utilization rate, a compound fertilizer of the high-nitrogen, low-phosphorus, high-potassium type is suitable, and the potassium sulfate type is best.
Base fertilizer application: organic fertilizer + balanced potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. For topdressing, use a high-nitrogen, high-potassium potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the application amount depends on your target yield.
Specific methods:
On the basis of using an appropriate amount of farmyard manure, you may choose Zinong brand potassium sulfate type long-acting compound fertilizer or a high-quality water-soluble fertilizer as the base fertilizer. When applying 50-70 kg per mu, the fertilizer must be isolated from the seed to strictly prevent burning the seed and burning the seedlings.
Problems commonly existing in the potato cultivation process:
1. Too much nitrogen and phosphorus, insufficient potassium fertilizer. From the fertilizer requirement pattern of potato, we can see that potato needs twice as much potassium as nitrogen and five times as much as phosphorus, and also needs certain fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium and sulfur. If the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilization is unreasonable and cannot meet the fertilizer requirement, a high and stable yield cannot be obtained. Some older farmer friends only use nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer when fertilizing potatoes, and do not use potassium fertilizer or medium-element fertilizers at all. As a result, the yield is low and unstable year after year, and they mistakenly think the fertilizer is not good. They do not know that the reason for the low yield is potassium deficiency in the soil and the failure to apply potassium fertilizer and medium-element fertilizers.
2. Some farmers are still applying fertilizers with high chlorine content. Potato is a chlorine-sensitive crop. If a chlorine-containing fertilizer is applied, it affects the formation and accumulation of starch and affects the quality of the tubers. For growing potatoes, it is best to choose potassium sulfate type fertilizer. In addition, continuous heavy cropping causes a single nutrient supply, leading to decreased soil fertility and serious diseases. When growing potatoes, crop rotation should be practiced often to avoid decreased soil fertility, nutrient imbalance and aggravated soil-borne infectious diseases caused by long-term continuous cropping, which inhibit root growth and greatly reduce nutrient absorption capacity.
What should be noted when buying fertilizer?
1. Arbitrarily modifying the fertilizer product name. The actual name of the fertilizer product is “ammonium sulfate”, but what is printed on the promotional leaflet is the exaggerated “corn nutrient”.
2. Hype to drive up fertilizer prices. The actual market price of ammonium sulfate is no more than 70 yuan per bag, but this fertilizer adopted a “buy ten bags, get five free” method, with a unit price of 130 yuan per bag. Counting even the free fertilizer together, the actual price per bag is 86.6 yuan.
3. Arbitrarily modifying the fertilizer execution standard. The actual execution standard for ammonium sulfate is: GB535-1995; however, the execution standard marked on the product leaflet and packaging is the execution standard for compound (mixed) fertilizer GB15063-2009;
4. Exaggerating fertilizer nutrients and effects. Deliberately obscuring the concepts of the three major elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) necessary for crop growth, misleading buyers into mistaking the medium element sulfur (S) for the major element phosphorus (P2O5), and mistaking the trace element zinc (Zn) for the major element potassium (K2O). In fact, this fertilizer product does not contain phosphorus or potassium components. The fertilizer leaflet introduces that this fertilizer has the pesticide function of “repelling insects and resisting bacteria”, which is purely fabricated nonsense.
5. Acting secretively to evade supervision. They pick up and drop off farmers door to door, and the training locations are mostly small hotels, farmhouse resorts and other places, and they constantly change the secret training locations. The training instructors impersonate agricultural technicians and fabricate the use of technology to “dupe” farmers. The storage locations are secretive, and they mostly adopt the method of taking orders during training and secretly delivering directly to farmers to evade supervision by law enforcement departments.
6. Technical explanation regarding some people reporting that this fertilizer works quite well. This fertilizer is actually “agricultural ammonium sulfate fertilizer”. “Ammonium sulfate” is commonly known as “fertile field powder”, and contains 20%-21% of the major element nitrogen (N). Some also have added medium element sulfur (S) and trace element zinc (Zn). In recent years, the medium element sulfur has been confirmed to promote corn growth, and corn lacking the trace element zinc will also develop diseased conditions. This is related to the “one-shot” one-time large application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, which causes excessive soil acidity. But sulfur and zinc are not among the three major elements necessary for crop growth, and ammonium sulfate does not contain the two major element nutrients phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O). According to corn's demand for the three major element nutrients, the order is nitrogen (N) > potassium (K2O) > phosphorus (P2O5). Among the three major element nutrients required by crops, nitrogen is consumed and volatilized fastest in the soil, generally basically consumed and volatilized completely within the same year, while phosphorus and potassium volatilize the slowest, and generally still remain by the second year. As for mixed fertilizer, compound fertilizer, blended fertilizer and so on, because they adopt relatively high production processes and technologies, continuous use for many years will increase the residue of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil. Therefore, after continuous use for many years of high-content phosphorus fertilizer (such as: diammonium phosphate), potassium fertilizer (such as: potassium chloride) or mixed, compound and blended fertilizers, if you switch to ammonium sulfate in the same year and the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil still remain, it will not cause obvious corn yield reduction. This is why people often feel that the yield has not changed significantly. It is not some mysterious technology. Moreover, in recent years, our county has often experienced high-temperature and drought climate in summer, and farmers often link yield reduction to the climate, ignoring the factor of scientific fertilizer use. If only ammonium sulfate is used as the sole fertilizer for many consecutive years, once the phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil are completely absorbed by corn or completely volatilized, it will cause the occurrence of phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency symptoms in corn: phosphorus deficiency causes slow plant growth, poor pollination, irregular arrangement of corn kernels on the cob, and missing kernels; potassium deficiency causes corn plants to become thinner and smaller, plants to lodge easily, small corn cobs, pointed ear tips, deepened depressions at the rear of the kernels, and unfull kernels, affecting corn growth and yield.
Tip: We ask the broad masses of farmers never to blindly believe the “pseudoscientific” use techniques for important agricultural materials such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, to raise their awareness of guarding against being “duped”, and never to covet cheapness alone while ignoring genuine science and technology. In addition, the role of fertilizer is to provide nutrients to crops, and it absolutely does not have the effect of pesticides. Do not believe the “ghost talk” that “fertilizer can remove weeds, remove bacteria and kill insects”.