Are soybeans and yellow soybeans the same? This year's purchase price, benefits and effects, and cultivation key points

Soybean is also called shu and yellow soybean, originated in China, cultivated throughout China, and also widely cultivated around the world. Soybean is one of China's important food crops.So are soybeans and yellow soybeans the same? What is this year's purchase price per jin? What are the benefits and effects? What are the key points of soybean cultivation techniques?

Are soybeans and yellow soybeans the same?

1. Actually, the difference between soybeans and yellow soybeans is very simple. There are many kinds of soybeans, including yellow soybeans, black soybeans, green soybeans, feed soybeans, and so on. Therefore, yellow soybean is only one kind of soybean. We can understand yellow soybean as soybean, but when others talk to you about soybeans, you cannot think only of yellow soybeans.

2. Although yellow soybean is only one kind of soybean, its nutritional composition is the same as that of soybean. The protein it contains is twice that of pork and 2.5 times that of eggs. Moreover, the amino acid composition of soybean protein is very similar to animal protein, and the amino acids are relatively close to the ratio needed by the human body, so it is easily digested and absorbed. If you usually eat soybeans and yellow soybeans together with meat and eggs, then their nutrition will become even better, and the nutrition may even be doubled.

What is this year's soybean purchase price per jin?

1. In Zhengzhou, Henan, the local market sales price of Northeast soybeans is 3820-3860 yuan/ton, stable compared with before the festival; local soybean sales quotes range from 3900-4100 yuan/ton.

2. In Anyang City, Henan, the distribution quote for net soybean grain sifted through 4.5 mesh is 4360 yuan/ton. The overall soybean market price is stable, with slight rises and falls in some areas.

3. A trader in Shangqiu, Henan, purchases soybeans at 2.00-2.05 yuan/jin, net grain, moisture 13.5, protein 40, passed through a gravity screen, priced according to the quality of moisture and impurities, and the outward loading price is 2.10 yuan/jin.

4. A grain station in Xihua County, Zhoukou, Henan, purchases soybeans at 1.98-2.00 yuan/jin, stable price, net grain, moisture 15, protein 40, passed through 3 layers of gravity screens. The outward price is 2.06 yuan/jin, passed through a gravity screen; soybeans passed through a specific gravity screen are shipped out at 2.16 yuan/jin.

What are the benefits and effects of soybean?

1. Soybean does not only refer to yellow soybean; it also includes black soybean and green soybean. Soybean is comprehensive in nutrition and rich in content, among which the protein content is 2 times higher than that of pork and 2.5 times that of eggs. The protein content is not only high, but also of good quality. The amino acid composition of soybean protein is similar to animal protein, and the amino acids are relatively close to the ratio needed by the human body, so it is easily digested and absorbed. If soybeans are eaten together with meat foods and egg foods, their nutrition can be comparable to that of eggs and milk, and may even exceed the nutrition of eggs and milk.

2. Soybean fat also has high nutritional value. This fat contains many unsaturated fatty acids and is easily digested and absorbed by the human body. Moreover, soybean fat can prevent the absorption of cholesterol, so soybean is an ideal nutritional product for patients with arteriosclerosis.

3. The dietary fiber in okara plays a pivotal role in promoting good digestion and excretion of solid waste. Supplementing cellulose in an appropriate amount can make the food in the intestinal tract larger and softer, promote intestinal peristalsis, thereby speeding up defecation, preventing constipation, and reducing the risk of colon cancer. At the same time, dietary fiber has obvious functions such as lowering plasma cholesterol and regulating gastrointestinal function and insulin levels.

4. Soybean meal is the residual meal by-product after soybean oil is extracted by low-temperature (40-60°C) extraction, and it is in a coarse powder form. Because it has not been affected by temperature, soybean's antitrypsin, urease, hemagglutinin, saponin, and goitrogenic factors will not be destroyed. Soybean cake and meal are the most widely used and most used plant protein raw materials.

Appendix: Key points of soybean cultivation techniques

1. Variety selection For vegetable soybeans, varieties with a shorter growth period, higher yield, and high quality should be selected. Varieties such as Liaoxian No. 1, Tiexian No. 1, and 8157 have shorter plants, are suitable for dense planting, and have higher yields. They also have wide pods, a high proportion of 3-4-seed pods, plump seeds, green pod color, large seeds, and a glutinous and soft taste. They have good marketability and excellent quality, and are deeply loved by consumers.

2. Field selection Sandy loam soil with higher terrain that can be irrigated and drained is preferable, as it is beneficial to the growth of rhizobia. The previous crop is best with allium and leafy vegetables, and continuous cropping with the same family must be avoided.

3. Sowing period Soybean varieties have great flexibility in growth period. For example, when Liaoxian No. 1 is planted in winter and early spring, the emergence period is more than 10 days, and the fresh pod harvest period is as long as more than 100 days; while when planted in summer, the emergence period is only 6-7 days, and the fresh pod harvest period is only 70-80 days. In low-altitude areas of our prefecture, such as the flat areas of Binchuan County and Nanjian County, sowing can be done from February to August; in other areas, sowing is suitable from April to June. The specific time should be determined according to the growth characteristics of the variety, local climate conditions, market period, and so on.

4. Sowing method Soybean roots have a high degree of suberization and weak regeneration ability, so direct sowing cultivation is suitable. The method is to dig holes on the seedbed according to specifications and sow in holes, and the covering soil should not be too deep, with 2 cm thickness being appropriate. If sowing in winter and early spring, it is suitable to first prepare the seedbed and irrigate, then sow in moist soil after 3-4 days, so as to avoid seed rot caused by low soil temperature, high soil water content, and low oxygen. In order to emerge earlier and go on the market earlier, plastic film mulching cultivation can be used.

5. Sowing density Reasonable dense planting is the key to achieving a bumper harvest. Too sparse planting leads to low yield, while too dense planting easily causes excessive growth and lodging, resulting in flower and pod drop and shriveled grains, with increased shriveled pods, seriously affecting yield and quality. Soybean varieties differ greatly in plant height, branching habits, and so on, so the suitable density should be determined according to the specific variety, soil fertility, planting period, and so on. For example, when Liaoxian No. 1 is planted in early spring, generally a 130 cm line is used to open the seedbed, the seedbed width is 1 m, the row spacing is 20 cm, the hole spacing is about 20 cm, 3-4 seeds are sown per hole, and the seed dosage per mu is about 15 kg.

6. Water and fertilizer management Irrigate once with emergence water before or after sowing. During the seedling stage, control the number of irrigations to promote the growth of rhizobia. During the flowering and pod-setting stage, irrigate timely and appropriately to reduce the empty and shriveled rate. Fertilization should be carried out in combination with irrigation. For fields where the previous crop was allium and leafy vegetables, the soil fertility is high, and applying 30-50 kg of ordinary calcium superphosphate per mu is sufficient. When entering the flowering and pod-setting stage, apply 20-30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer as appropriate according to plant growth. For fields with average soil fertility, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer before preparing the seedbed for sowing, and during the seedling stage and flowering and pod-setting stage, apply additional compound fertilizer 1-2 times as appropriate according to growth, with each application amount of 10-20 kg per mu.

7. Prevention and control of diseases, insects, and weeds The main soybean pests include underground pests (cutworms, white grubs), leafminers, red spider mites, pod borers, and so on, which can be controlled with pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, avermectin, acetamiprid, and emamectin benzoate; the main diseases include leaf spot and powdery mildew, which can be controlled with pesticides such as thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, and flusilazole; weeds can be chemically controlled by spraying acetochlor or trifluralin on the seedbed surface after sowing, and before the plants close the rows, manual weeding can be carried out in combination with intertillage and fertilization.

8. Timely harvesting The pod maturity period of soybean plants is not completely uniform. Generally, when 80% of the pods are plump and still remain green, it is the suitable harvest time. Harvesting too early results in many shriveled pods and low yield, while harvesting too late results in poor quality. Pure-planted soybean yields 800-1000 kg of fresh pods per mu.