Complete Guide to High-Yield Direct-Seeding Cultivation Techniques and Sowing Times for Rapeseed, Worth Saving
Rapeseed is also known as yuntai, hancai, hucai, kucai, taijie, piao'er cai, and fofo cai. It is mainly distributed in Anhui, Henan, Sichuan, and other places. Rapeseed is rich in nutrients, among which the vitamin C content is very high. Below is an introduction to high-yield direct-seeding cultivation techniques and times for rapeseed.
High-Yield Direct-Seeding Cultivation Techniques for Rapeseed
1. Select excellent varieties: for example, A35 and H019-4 (for reference only).
2. Sow early for early growth: strive to finish sowing before late October to ensure stable and high yields of rapeseed.
3. Plant at a reasonable density: sow 200 grams per mu, thin the seedlings 2 to 3 times after emergence, and set the final spacing at the 3-leaf stage. Generally, 15-18 plants per square meter is best. Also spray a 150 mg/kg paclobutrazol solution to cultivate short, sturdy seedlings and improve cold resistance.
4. Fertilize in proportion: the fertilizer requirement per mu is 1 ton of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of urea, 40 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium chloride, and 1 kg of borax. Organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and boron fertilizer are mainly applied as base fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is applied in stages, with the ratio before spring and after spring being 7:3. At the seedling stage and the full-flowering pod-setting stage, spray 0.2% borax solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves respectively to increase the seed-setting rate. Special attention should be paid to applying the bolting fertilizer for direct-seeded rapeseed early and in an appropriate amount, applying it as soon as buds appear (bolting height 5 cm), to promote spring growth and steady development and make up for insufficient earlier growth; applying it too late can easily cause excessive bolting-stage growth and is unfavorable for stable and high yields.
5. Scientific irrigation and drainage: rapeseed growth fears both drought and waterlogging. In water management, it should be possible to irrigate during drought and drain during waterlogging, keeping the border ditches and surrounding ditches unobstructed to facilitate irrigation and drainage. During the bolting and flowering stage, water demand is high, so the water supply should be ensured. During the seedling stage and the flowering and pod-setting stage, attention should be paid to preventing waterlogging in the field.
6. Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insects, and weeds: weed damage is serious in no-till direct-seeded rapeseed fields, so stubble clearing before sowing and weed control at the seedling stage must be carried out well. Two to three days before sowing, 200 ml of 41% Roundup plus 40 kg of water can be sprayed per mu; for weed control at the seedling stage, at the 3-4 leaf stage of grassy weeds, 15 ml of 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl plus 40 kg of water can be sprayed per mu. At the seedling stage, pay attention to controlling aphids, cabbage caterpillars, leaf miners, diamondback moths, and others, which can be controlled with dichlorvos, dimethoate, and pyrethroid pesticides. At the early flowering stage and full flowering stage, focus on controlling rapeseed sclerotinia stem rot by spraying 50-60 kg per mu of a 1000-1500 times diluted solution of dimethachlon.
7. Harvest at the right time: about 30 days after the end of the full flowering stage of rapeseed, when about 2/3 of the siliques are yellow and most of the seeds inside the siliques have changed from green to yellow or red, they can be harvested.
High-Yield Cultivation Time for Rapeseed
Generally, sowing is done in late March, using about 350 grams of seed per mu. Before sowing, irrigate to build soil moisture according to the soil moisture condition, and sow after the water has infiltrated. When sowing, open 5 furrows in a 1-meter-wide border, with a furrow depth of 1.5-2 cm, and sow the seeds evenly in the furrows.