Want high-yielding rice? You need to know the techniques for cultivating strong seedlings!
Rice is a species of the grass genus Oryza, and it is also the most important and longest-cultivated grain species in the genus Oryza. It is also the staple food of people in southern China. For growers, rice high yield is extremely important, so the following techniques for cultivating strong seedlings are a must-know!
1. Seed treatment
1. Sunning seeds: Before soaking the seeds, choose sunny weather and place them in a wind-sheltered, sunny spot. Sun the seeds continuously for 2-3 days, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day.
2. Seed selection: This is divided into wind selection and solution selection. Wind selection: Use a winnowing basket or winnowing machine to blow away empty husks, grass seeds, grass leaves, and other debris; solution selection: There are water selection, mud-water selection, salt-water selection, etc. After selection, the seeds must be rinsed.
3. Seed disinfection: In order to kill pathogens and rice dry-tip nematodes attached to the seeds, seed disinfection must be carried out before sowing. Soak the seeds in a 10% fludioxonil solution diluted 2000 times for 72 hours.
2. Land preparation and bed making
Green food rice seedling cultivation uniformly adopts dry seedling-raising technology, and the ratio of seedling field to main field is about 1:13.
1. Seedling field selection: Choose dry fields or garden plots that are wind-sheltered and sunny, flat, fertile, and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Paddy fields with good permeability can also be selected for seedling cultivation.
2. Land preparation: After the beginning of spring, carry out shallow plowing and rotary tillage, then remove residual stubble and level the land.
3. Bed making: The bed width is required to be 1.8 m, the bed length 10-15 m, and the walkway ditch 40 cm. After making the beds according to specifications, repeatedly level the bed surface.
4. Nutrient soil preparation:
Nutrient soil should be prepared according to the fertility level of the soil. Generally, 60% fertile soil (garden soil) is thoroughly mixed with 40% fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, then sieved and mixed evenly.
5. Sowing
Before sowing: Under the condition of plastic film insulation, when the air temperature steadily passes 10°C, sow and raise seedlings at the proper time. Sowing from March 15 to 25 is preferable.
6. Seedling field management
(1) Temperature management: Before the needles stand, focus on heat preservation and keep the temperature inside the film at about 30°C to promote emergence. When the seedlings grow to the 1.5-2 leaf stage, pay attention to lowering the temperature and hardening the seedlings. Keep the temperature inside the film at about 25°C. If it exceeds 25°C, uncover both ends for ventilation and cooling. When the seedlings grow to the three-leaf stage, uncover during the day and cover at night on fine weather days to harden the seedlings well. When the air temperature stabilizes at about 10°C, the film can be removed to cultivate ideal strong seedlings.
(2) Water management: On the basis of watering enough bottom water at sowing, generally no watering is needed before emergence. If water deficiency is found and part of the bed surface dries and turns white, water promptly. When the seedlings turn green, generally water once as a supplement. At the 1-leaf-1-heart stage, water in combination with ventilation and seedling hardening. After that, water as appropriate. After removing the film, replenish water promptly when there is a shortage. Conduct bed drying and seedling hardening 5-7 days before transplanting.
(3) Fertilizer management: Generally no fertilization is needed at the seedling stage. After the 2-3 leaf stage, fertilization may be applied according to growth conditions. Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once. If fertilization is needed, apply an appropriate additional "send-off fertilizer" 7-10 days before transplanting, with 5 kg of urea per mu, to increase the cold resistance of the seedlings, accelerate greening, and promote early tillering.
(4) Weed control in the seedling bed: Mainly manual weeding. It is strictly forbidden to use highly efficient, highly toxic, and high-residue herbicides for weed control. Manually pull out weeds in the field before transplanting.