How much is Chinese olive per jin? Ripening and market season, suitable growing regions and cultivation methods
Chinese olive, also known as huanglan, qingguo, shanlan, bailan, honglan, qingzi, jianguo, zhongguo, is a common tree plant in southern China. Because its fruit, pit and tree all have relatively high economic value, it is widely cultivated. Among them, olive oil has the highest value. So how much is the Chinese olive market price per jin? When does it mature and go on the market? Which regions are suitable for growing it? How do you grow it?
Market price:
In fact, the selling price of Chinese olive fruit on markets across the country varies to some degree. Some sell for about 3.5 yuan per jin, some can reach several tens of yuan, and higher prices can even reach over a hundred yuan. At present, a relatively reasonable wholesale price for Chinese olive fruit is about 4800 yuan per ton. If you need Chinese olive fruit in large quantities, wholesale may be a good way to save money.
Maturity and market season:
Chinese olive needs to be cultivated for 7 years before it bears fruit, and the maturity period is generally around October each year. New Chinese olive trees bear very little fruit at first, producing only a few kilograms per tree, and only after 25 years does production increase significantly, with some reaching more than 500 kilograms. After each fruiting, Chinese olive trees generally have reduced production the following year, with a rest period of one to two years. Therefore, Chinese olive yields are divided into on-years and off-years.
Suitable planting regions:
Chinese olive originated in southern China. It is cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other areas of China. It is distributed from northern to central Vietnam, and is cultivated in Japan (Nagasaki, Okinawa) and the Malay Peninsula. In China, it is most widely distributed in Fujian Province, and is also distributed in parts of Sichuan, Zhejiang and Taiwan, China. Besides China, countries that cultivate Chinese olive include Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, India and Malaysia.
Cultivation techniques:
1. Orchard site selection: Chinese olive likes warmth and has strong drought resistance. Places with an average annual temperature of 18-20°C and annual rainfall of 1200-1600 mm are suitable for Chinese olive growth. The best orchard site is deep, loose soil rich in organic matter or sandy loam. The orientation should not have strong western sun exposure, cold air, or closed mountain hollows prone to frost. Based on the actual conditions of the site, choose hillside land or terraced land with convenient transportation, abundant and pollution-free water sources, and relatively flat terrain for planting.
2. Planting method: Choose a season with ample rain for Chinese olive planting. When taking seedlings, minimize root damage and promptly remove 2/3 to 3/4 of the leaves. For young saplings without soil, if conditions permit, seal and wrap the trunk with degradable film to reduce water evaporation. The planting hole should be dug deep, and when planting, it should also be buried deep or the soil mound should be high. After survival is confirmed, appropriately dig open part of the soil mound. In orchards with ample water, add water into the hole and mix it into mud, or better still put in rice paddy mud, place the roots in the mud, plant, and then cover with soil. Do not apply inorganic fertilizer or incompletely decomposed organic fertilizer at planting, to prevent root injury and effects on survival.
3. Care measures: Insert bamboo poles to prevent livestock damage and take shading measures. The tree disk can be covered with plastic film or rice straw and other measures to maintain humidity so as to pass through summer smoothly.
4. Training and pruning: Chinese olive trees have strong growth vigor and easily develop excessive vegetative growth, affecting reproductive growth. Generally, weaken apical dominance, mainly using light pruning and thinning pruning, or appropriate heading back, to promote branches at all levels to form an even and compact canopy. Chinese olive flowering and fruiting have the characteristic of outer-end dominance, and most of each year's fruiting branches develop from the previous year's summer and autumn shoots. When pruning after harvest, pay attention to cultivating summer and autumn shoots on the outer part of the canopy to promote fruiting branches that sprout from after the Beginning of Spring to before the Awakening of Insects, which have the best fruit set rate. In production, flower-promoting measures such as water control, root cutting, girdling, and chemical regulation are also combined. Girdling treatment should be operated cautiously and is not recommended.
5. Fertilizer and water management: In cultivation, the fertilization period and amount are determined according to tree age, tree vigor, fruit load, soil fertility and so on. Generally, pre-flowering fertilizer is applied in March, using medium-release fertilizers combined with farmyard manure. Fruit-swelling fertilizer is applied in August-September, with topdressing biased toward quick-acting fertilizers and plant growth regulators. After harvest, farmyard organic fertilizer and major elements such as N, P, K and Ga should be heavily applied as supplements, and turning the soil, deep application and mulching should be carried out as much as possible. Drainage and irrigation should be timely on rainy days and during drought and clear weather to ensure normal tree growth. In particular, during each shoot-flushing period and fruit enlargement period, an appropriate water supply must be ensured.
6. Harvesting and fresh-keeping: Harvest at the proper time according to use and market demand. Chinese olive fruit contains a lot of tannins and easily loses water and shrivels after harvest. At picking, harvest according to sales, processing volume or orders. At the same time, take care to protect the terminal buds of fruit branches so they can sprout next year's fruiting branches, and as much as possible pick lightly, load lightly, and transport without damaging the fruit. Maintaining appropriate and stable temperature and humidity is a key link in Chinese olive fresh-keeping. Then process according to different procedures based on use, so as to obtain the best economic benefits.
7. Pest and disease control: Chinese olive has relatively lighter diseases than other fruit trees such as citrus and jujube. The main diseases include anthracnose, gummosis and crown gall disease. The main pests include star chamber psyllid, small yellow leaf roller, black spiny whitefly, scale insects, longhorn beetles and so on. Measures of “prevention first, integrated control” should be adopted. [For diseases, at the new shoot leaf expansion stage or early onset, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 1500 times liquid or 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid for control. For insect pests, spray 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid + 10% imidacloprid 2000 times liquid + 40% chlorpyrifos 1500 times liquid, or 5% fipronil 1500 times liquid + 5% thiamethoxam 12500 times liquid. For longhorn beetles, combine manual capture and killing, and insert cotton dipped in the liquid medicine into the insect tunnels to fumigate and kill them.