How to fertilize peanuts for high yields? Everything about timing, types and amounts

Peanuts are a common crop in rural areas. Though they seem ordinary, they are rich in nutritional value. Today we will explain how to fertilize peanuts for high yields, when it is best to apply fertilizer, what fertilizer is best, and how much fertilizer to use per mu.

What fertilizer is good for planting peanuts

Organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are good for planting peanuts.

1. With autumn land preparation and ridging, apply decomposed barnyard manure, kang-hole soil, composted green manure, etc.

2. Apply 15,000-30,000 kg/ha, opening furrows and spreading thinly for ridge planting, and broadcasting for bed planting.

3. For ridge cultivation, farmyard manure can also be spread thinly before sowing in the planting year.

4. At sowing, apply 150-225 kg/ha of diammonium phosphate and 75-120 kg/ha of potassium sulfate as seed fertilizer.

5. Apply lime with base fertilizer on acidic soil.

6. If the pH value (acidity and alkalinity) is 6.0-6.5, apply 450 kg/ha of lime; if the pH value is 5.5-6.0, apply 675 kg/ha of lime.

How much fertilizer to use per mu when planting peanuts?

The base fertilizer for peanuts should be mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally speaking, compound fertilizer produced by legitimate manufacturers on the market can be used as base fertilizer. The amount of base fertilizer applied should be determined according to soil fertility. Usually the amount for a small mu (667 sq m) is 20 kg, and for a large mu (1000 sq m) it is 30 kg. To achieve precise fertilization, soil testing and formula fertilization can be carried out, applying fertilizer according to need. In addition, continuous peanut cropping will affect yield. If crop rotation cannot be done, it is recommended to apply as much fully decomposed farmyard manure as possible. Although agents such as continuous cropping agents have a certain effect, it is not recommended to use them much.

How to fertilize peanuts for high yields?

1. Combine organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer

In order to improve the available nutrients in peanut field soil and form a soil structure that is loose on top and firm below with coordinated air and water, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must be combined in the types of fertilizer applied. Organic fertilizer not only contains relatively rich and relatively complete nutrient elements, but also contains organic matter that can improve soil structure. Chemical fertilizer contains single nutrient elements and has a high content of quick-acting nitrogen. Applying the two together can promote each other, improve fertilizer efficiency, improve soil structure, and continuously build up soil fertility. The results of a fertilizer efficiency test using Jiayou fulvic acid organic fertilizer on peanuts showed that applying fulvic acid organic fertilizer had a significant yield-increasing effect on peanuts, and the best effect was a one-time base application of chemical fertilizer together with fulvic acid organic fertilizer at 3 times the amount of chemical fertilizer. Compared with the treatment without organic fertilizer, the peanut yield increased by 166.2-187.0 kg per mu.

2. Combine fertilization of the previous crop with fertilization of the current crop

Peanuts have the characteristic of liking residual fertilizer. Most of the nutrient elements needed by high-yield peanuts are absorbed from the original soil. Therefore, in peanut fields with medium or higher soil fertility, fertilizing the previous crop has a better effect than fertilizing the peanut crop itself, giving more grain harvest and a bumper peanut yield. According to tests, under the condition that the previous crop was sweet potato and the following crop was peanut, and the total amount of fertilizer applied to the two crops over two years was the same, sweet potato had the highest yield when full fertilizer was applied to the current crop, increasing yield by 26.7% compared with no fertilizer. Applying full fertilizer to the previous crop of sweet potato increased peanut yield by 14.7% compared with applying full fertilizer to the current crop.

On the basis of fertilizing the previous crop, appropriately increasing fertilizer when planting peanuts in the current crop, although the absorption and utilization rate of the applied fertilizer nutrients by peanuts is relatively low, significantly increases yield in medium-yield fields and also has a certain yield-increasing effect in high-yield fields, and can compensate for the soil nutrients consumed by output. Therefore, fertilization in high-yield peanut fields must adopt a balanced fertilization method that increases fertilizer in the previous crop to build up soil fertility, fertilizes the current crop to compensate soil fertility, and combines use with nurturing.

3. Base fertilizer as the main part, topdressing as the supplement

Before the flowering and pegging stage of peanuts is the period when the root system has the strongest fertilizer absorption capacity and the largest fertilizer absorption amount. Therefore, the fertilizer needed by high-yield peanuts should be applied wholly or mostly as base fertilizer and seed fertilizer in combination with winter plowing and early spring plowing. If the base fertilizer is insufficient and no seed fertilizer was applied, topdressing can be done appropriately. But the topdressing time should be early, generally before the flowering and pegging stage. In the middle and late stages of growth and development, in order to promote the plumpness of pods, foliar topdressing can be carried out.

4. Fertilization ratio for the peanut crop itself

According to the absorption amount of the main nutrient elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by high-yield peanuts and the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer, adopt the fertilization ratio of halving nitrogen, doubling phosphorus, and applying the full amount of potassium. That is, apply 13.5 kg of nitrogen, 11 kg of phosphorus, and 16 kg of potassium per mu.

In medium-fertility fields, the basic soil fertility is relatively low. To achieve high yield, adopt the fertilization ratio of applying the full amounts of nitrogen and potassium and doubling phosphorus fertilizer. That is, apply 27 kg of nitrogen, 11 kg of phosphorus, and 16 kg of potassium per mu.