What Is Biological Bacterial Fertilizer? A Full Analysis of Its Effects and Buying Tips
In recent years, the promotion of biological bacterial fertilizer has been steadily increasing. While raising crop yields, it is not only completely environmentally friendly and causes no pollution during use, but can also reduce nitrate pollution of the ecosystem and lower existing soil pollution, making it an ideal green fertilizer. So what is biological bacterial fertilizer? Which kind is good? What effects does it have?
What is biological bacterial fertilizer?
Microbial fertilizer is a product in which the life activities of microorganisms cause crops to obtain a specific fertilizer effect; it is one type of fertilizer used in agricultural production. It has a history of nearly 50 years in our country, from rhizobium inoculant——bacterial fertilizer——microbial fertilizer. The evolution of the names already explains the process of the gradual development of microbial fertilizer in our country.
Which kind of biological bacterial fertilizer is good?
Generally speaking, as long as a bacterial fertilizer meets the national implementation standards, under ideal conditions unaffected by external environmental factors, the yield-increasing effects are actually all fairly similar, with no qualitative difference. So in real circumstances, for different users, whether a biological bacterial fertilizer is good or bad is relative, and depends on whether the types of functional bacteria suit the actual local climate and soil conditions.
Classification of biological bacterial fertilizers
① Bacterial fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing effects: including rhizobia, azotobacter, nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, etc.;
② Bacterial fertilizers that decompose soil organic matter: including organic phosphorus bacteria and compound bacteria, etc.;
③ Bacterial fertilizers that decompose sparingly soluble minerals in soil: including silicate bacteria, inorganic phosphorus bacteria, etc.;
④ Bacterial fertilizers that promote crop use of soil nutrients: including mycorrhizal fungi, etc.;
⑤ Bacterial fertilizers that resist disease and stimulate crop growth: including antibiotics-producing bacteria, yield-increasing bacteria, etc.
Detailed names of various bacterial fertilizers
● Bacillus subtilis: increases crop stress resistance and fixes nitrogen.
● Bacillus megaterium: solubilizes phosphorus (phosphorus bacteria) and has a very good effect on degrading organic phosphorus in soil.
● Bacillus mucilaginosus: solubilizes potassium, releasing soluble phosphorus and potassium elements as well as medium and trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, zinc, molybdenum and manganese.
● Bacillus licheniformis: resists disease and kills harmful bacteria.
● Bacillus thuringiensis: kills insects (including root-knot nematodes) and has specific toxic activity against arthropods such as Lepidoptera.
● Bacillus laterosporus: promotes roots, sterilizes and degrades heavy metals.
● Bacillus mucilaginosus: has phosphorus-solubilizing, potassium-releasing and nitrogen-fixing functions, secretes multiple enzymes, and enhances crop resistance to some diseases.
● Streptomyces jingyangensis: has the ability to enhance soil fertility and stimulate crop growth.
● Mycorrhizal fungi: expand the root absorption surface and increase the ability to absorb elements (especially phosphorus) beyond the absorption range of the original root hairs.
● Brown azotobacter: fixes free nitrogen in the air and increases yield.
● Photosynthetic bacteria group: the main force for fertile soil and for promoting animal and plant growth.
● Bacillus coagulans: can reduce harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the environment. It increases the content of amino acids in fruits.
● Aspergillus oryzae: turns the organic matter in straw into nutrients needed for plant growth, increases soil organic matter, and improves soil structure.
● Paecilomyces lilacinus: has control efficacy against many kinds of nematodes and is the most promising biocontrol agent for controlling root-knot nematodes.
The important effects of bacterial fertilizer
Three or more kinds of multiple compound bacteria promote and complement each other, and the effect against soil-borne diseases is far greater than that of a single bacterial species. Beneficial bacterial groups work in synergy and together can enable crops to achieve high and abundant yields.
1. Promote rapid growth: they can produce biological hormones that stimulate crop growth. During their life activities in the soil, the microorganisms in bacterial fertilizer produce large amounts of substances such as gibberellins and cytokinins. After these substances come into contact with plant roots, they can regulate crop metabolism and stimulate crop growth, thereby producing a yield-increasing effect.
2. Regulate life activities, increase yield and income: beneficial bacteria in the bacterial group such as Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus licheniformis can promote crop root growth and increase fibrous roots. Plant endogenous enzymes and plant growth regulators produced by the metabolism of beneficial microbial groups enter the plant through the root system, promote leaf photosynthesis, regulate the flow of nutrient elements to the fruit, and have an obvious fruit-swelling and yield-increasing effect. Compared with applying chemical fertilizer, under the condition of equal-value input, yield can be increased by 15%~30%.
3. Fruit quality is obviously improved: Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans and others in the bacterial group can reduce the nitrate content in plants by more than 20%, can reduce heavy metal content, can increase the Vc content in fruits by more than 30%, and can increase soluble sugar by 2~4 degrees. Lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis and others can increase the content of essential amino acids (lysine and methionine), B vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids in fruits. The fruit tastes good, stores well, and sells at a high price.
4. Decompose organic matter and toxins, prevent continuous cropping obstacles: beneficial microorganisms such as Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in the bacterial group can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, create quick-acting nutrients and provide power for crops, and can decompose toxic and harmful substances from continuous cropping, preventing continuous cropping obstacles.
5. Rhizosphere environmental protection barrier: after beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus licheniformis in the bacterial group are applied to the soil, they rapidly multiply and become the dominant bacterial group, controlling rhizosphere nutrition and resources, so that pathogenic bacteria such as those causing continuous cropping obstacles, root rot, damping-off, gummosis and gray mold lose living space and conditions. They thicken the cell walls of plant root cells, cause fibrosis and lignification, and generate a cuticular double-silicon layer, forming a solid barrier that prevents pathogen invasion.
6. Enhance stress resistance: the microorganisms in bacterial fertilizer grow and reproduce in large numbers at plant roots, thus forming a dominant bacterial group. The formation of a dominant bacterial group creates a local advantage, which can inhibit and reduce opportunities for pathogen invasion and reproduction, playing a role in reducing crop diseases. Beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus laterosporus in the bacterial group can enhance soil buffering capacity, retain water and moisture, and enhance crop drought resistance, cold resistance and waterlogging resistance; at the same time, Bacillus laterosporus can also strengthen the leaf protective membrane, resist pathogen infection, and resist disease and insects.
7. Can loosen soil and retain fertilizer, improve the environment: rich organic matter can also improve soil physical properties and improve soil aggregate structure, thereby making the soil loose and reducing soil compaction, which is conducive to water retention, fertilizer retention, aeration and promoting root development, providing crops with a suitable microecological growth environment.
8. Beneficial bacteria stimulate organic matter to release nutrients: beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus in the bacterial group produce large amounts of plant endogenous enzymes during metabolism, which can significantly increase the crop's absorption rate of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Through the activity of beneficial microorganisms, large amounts of organic matter can continuously release the nutrient elements needed for plant growth, achieving the purpose of lasting fertilizer effect.