A brief analysis of the key points of walnut seedling cultivation techniques! How much does a walnut sapling cost per plant? What high-quality varieties are there?

Walnut, also known as Qiang peach, He peach, and Wansui zi, is a plant of the genus Juglans in the family Juglandaceae, with high nutritional value, mainly cultivated in plains and hilly areas. In walnut production, walnut seedling cultivation is a very critical step, so what are the walnut seedling cultivation techniques? How much per plant?

I. Walnut seedling cultivation techniques

1. Seed selection: Seed quality is the foundation that determines the success or failure of seedling cultivation, so walnut seedling cultivation must first select good seeds; plump, well-grown walnuts should be chosen for seed use.

2. Seed treatment: The selected walnut seeds should be soaked 7-10 days before sowing. During treatment, soak the selected walnut seeds in cold water, changing the water every day. After soaking for 2-3 days, remove them, expose them to sunlight for 1-2 hours, then soak them again. After 7-10 days, the seeds should basically all have cracked open, and at this point they can be sown.

3. Land preparation: Walnuts are suitable for growing in flat terrain with fertile soil and good drainage. Before sowing, the soil should be deeply plowed, generally to a depth of 30-40 cm. At the same time, remove stones, grass roots, and other debris that affect walnut growth, and finally level it into a seedling bed.

4. Fertilization: In combination with deep plowing, apply 4000-5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, 15 kg of urea, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of ferrous sulfate, and at the same time apply 2.5 kg of 3% phoxim.

5. Sowing: Autumn sowing is generally done from late October to early November; spring sowing is generally done in early April.

6. Sowing method: Walnut sowing generally involves opening furrows with a row spacing of 30-50 cm, with a furrow depth of 10-15 cm, and sowing 1 seed every 15-20 cm. When sowing, sow by grade according to walnut seed size, with the suture line perpendicular to the ground being best, which is favorable for emergence.

7. Covering with soil: After sowing, cover with about 5-7 cm of soil. Too thin will affect emergence, and too thick will be unfavorable for emergence.

8. Management after emergence: ① From walnut emergence until before August, in winter the main work for seedlings is preventing rodent damage and freeze damage, and in summer the main work is the prevention and control of pests and diseases; ② weed promptly; ③ after all seedlings have emerged, topdressing and watering are also needed. When topdressing and watering, the principle of small amounts applied multiple times should be followed. For the first topdressing, applying about 5 kg of urea per mu is appropriate, and the maximum fertilizer amount should be controlled within 10 kg per mu; it is best to apply it during rain or water after application; ④ when the seedlings are about 30 cm tall, promptly pinch off the growing tips; ⑤ after August, pay attention to controlling the supply of nitrogen fertilizer and water to improve tree resistance.

II. How much does a walnut sapling cost per plant?

1. Walnut seedling plants

Below 30 cm: 1.3 yuan;

30-75 cm: 1.6-2 yuan;

0.8-2.5 m: 3-4 yuan;

1.8-2.5 m: 5-10 yuan.

2. Grafted walnut saplings

Below 30 cm: 2 yuan;

30-45 cm: 5 yuan;

50-75 cm: 6 yuan;

0.8-2 m: 7-10 yuan.

III. What high-quality walnut sapling varieties are there?

1. Qingxiang

Qingxiang is an excellent walnut variety given to Hebei Agricultural University by Japanese walnut experts in the early 1980s. It belongs to the late-fruiting walnut group and is a variety that fruits early and has strong high-yield performance. Qingxiang walnut has moderate fertilizer and water requirements and is easy to manage. It has the ability to fruit in 3 years and reach high yield in 5 years, and is an excellent variety between early-fruiting and late-fruiting walnuts.

2. Xiangling

Xiangling walnut was bred by hybridization at the Shandong Institute of Pomology. One-year-old grafted seedlings bear fruit 2-3 years after planting. Xiangling walnut has strong cold resistance, drought tolerance, wind resistance, and disease resistance, and is suitable for planting in areas with deep soil layers. It can be developed on a large scale in North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, and southern Northeast China.

3. Liaohe No. 1

Liaohe No. 1, also known as Liaoning No. 1, was bred by hybridization at the Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry. It blooms in early to mid-May, and the nuts mature in late September. Liaohe No. 1 has strong adaptability, high yield, and good quality. It belongs to the early-fruiting group, has strong branching ability, and fruits early. During the tree-training period, it should not be allowed to fruit; the first three years focus mainly on developing tree shape, and from the fourth year it begins to produce and bear fruit. Development is most favorable in gentle slopes and hilly areas.

4. 8518 walnut sapling

8518 walnut sapling refers to the No. 18 bud mutation variety selected through trials in 1985. 8518 walnut sapling has very strong high-yield performance, and later-stage yield is also very stable. Yield during the high-yield period reaches as high as 1100 jin. The nuts are of excellent quality, easy to manage, strongly disease-resistant, storage-resistant, disaster-resistant, and convenient to eat.

5. Shaanhe No. 5

Shaanhe No. 5 is an early-fruiting variety bred by the Shaanxi Fruit Tree Research Institute. The Shaanhe No. 5 tree is robust and relatively tolerant of drought and barren soil. The nuts are oblong, large, and relatively smooth on the surface.

6. Guanhe No. 1

Guanhe No. 1 is a thin-shelled walnut variety successfully bred in 2011. The kernel yield of Guanhe No. 1 is over 65%, and it has strong early-fruiting and high-yield characteristics, as well as the excellent qualities of wind resistance, sun resistance, freeze resistance, disease resistance, and less fruit drop.

7. Guanhe No. 3

The outstanding characteristics of Guanhe No. 3 are its large size (slightly flattened round shape), thin shell, and full, attractive kernels. The nuts are oval and the kernels are full. This variety has a high fruit-setting rate, disease resistance, and high yield, and is a variety with good development prospects.

Conclusion: The walnut seedling cultivation techniques are introduced here. To achieve high walnut yields, early-stage management is very important. Be sure to manage scientifically, choose the right varieties, and cultivate according to standardized techniques.