Autumn mushrooms: keep the three insects and one disease under control - and can you still eat wild mushrooms after autumn?

Autumn has arrived, and many vegetable plants have entered the stage of harvest or sowing, and many vegetables and fruits unique to this autumn season have also appeared on the market. There are many kinds of mushrooms, and autumn mushrooms are one of them. So what are the control measures for the “three insects and one disease” of autumn mushrooms? Can wild mushrooms be eaten after autumn?

1. Control measures for the “three insects and one disease” of autumn mushrooms

The “three insects and one disease” that harm autumn mushrooms are: mites, springtails, mushroom gnats and harmful Mycogone perniciosa. The damage characteristics and control methods of these pests and diseases are described below.

1. Mite damage symptoms

During the mycelial growth process, if mycelial regression is found, such as a decrease in fluffy mycelium and an increase in strand-like mycelium, and pink or white bright spots are seen on the surface of the mycelium, then mites have appeared on the mushroom bed. When 3-5 mites are seen within the range viewed with a magnifying glass, the control threshold has been reached. After casing soil is applied, mites will move toward the soil surface as the mycelium grows toward the soil surface, gathering on the primordia and the base of the mushroom stipes to feed, often causing the root area to become bare, with no mycelial roots, so nutrients cannot be transported and the mushrooms shrink and die. At the same time, mites spread pathogens and viruses, and mushroom houses with severe mites also have more severe diseases of all kinds.

2. Springtail damage symptoms

Springtails are omnivorous insects, and there are many springtails when mushrooms are grown in open fields and greenhouses. Common species include the grayish-white springtail and the tiny black springtail. Springtails feed on both mycelium and mushroom bodies, often gathering in the gills or on the caps, biting the mushroom bodies into a mass of holes, causing the mushroom bodies to shrivel and die. Especially the black springtail, whose body is very small and whose population density is large, can easily cause devastating disasters.

3. Mushroom gnat damage symptoms

In autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, which is more suitable for the reproduction and damage of mushroom gnats and mushroom gall midges. Especially in compost rich in manure and not thoroughly fermented, mushroom gnats and mushroom gall midges are enormous in number, and their larvae feed on mycelium, reducing marketability and lowering yield. If mushroom gnats break out and the population is too large, they can also cause devastating disasters.

4. Symptoms of harmful Mycogone perniciosa

When the mushroom mycelium is in the stage of mycelial strand formation in the soil, during primordium differentiation and during fruit body growth, it can all be infected and damaged by harmful Mycogone perniciosa. After the mushroom body is damaged, it appears deformed, the stipe swells, the cap becomes smaller, and white fluffy mycelium is attached, later turning brown and producing brown liquid or diseased spots. After the mushroom body is damaged, both yield and quality suffer great losses.

5. Integrated pest and disease control

In the middle and late stages of mycelial growth, when the pest population density in the compost reaches the control threshold, pesticides must be applied promptly for control, and the pesticide types selected should be highly effective, low-toxicity pesticides that do no harm to mycelium and mushroom bodies. If the mushroom house conditions are good and the seal is strong, aluminum phosphide fumigation can be used, 3 tablets per cubic meter (9.9 grams), sealed for 48 hours. Most mushroom houses or open-field cultivation sites can only use pesticide spray control. Mushroom Insect Net is a biological pesticide specially used for killing insects and mites on edible fungi, with systemic and stomach-poison action. When pest population density is high, spray at 500 times dilution; if pests occur during the casing soil period, after casing soil is applied, when heavily applying the mushroom-adjusting water, add 1000 times Mushroom Insect Net to the water; if pests occur during the first flush growth period, control with Mushroom Insect Net after the peak of the first flush has passed. Before applying the pesticide, stop watering for 1-2 days depending on the humidity of the mushroom house, so that the pesticide can be absorbed more quickly to the depth of the mushroom bed and achieve an obvious insecticidal effect.

When diseased mushrooms infected by Mycogone perniciosa appear on the mushroom bed, stop spraying water for 2-3 days, keep the bed surface dry, promptly remove the diseased mushrooms and burn them, and after this flush has passed, immediately spray 1000 times Duogufeng fungicide, combined with water replenishment, spraying once every 3 days for 3 consecutive sprays, which can effectively control the spread of pathogens in the soil layer. At the same time, pay attention to controlling air humidity and strengthening ventilation.

When sowing in August, when the temperature is on the high side, more sources of disease and pests lie dormant in the mushroom bed. After the second flush has been produced, when higher temperatures are encountered, diseases and pests often break out. During control, insecticides and fungicides can be mixed together and sprayed at the same time to achieve a two-pronged effect.

2. Can wild mushrooms be eaten after autumn?

There are many varieties of mushrooms, and the vast majority can still be eaten, but some are poisonous mushrooms. Recently there have often been news reports of incidents of poisoning from eating wild fungi. Some people do not recognize poisonous mushrooms and mistakenly think they are edible, and as a result eat them and are poisoned. The prettier a mushroom looks, the more likely it is to be poisonous. Before eating newly picked mushrooms, it is best to have someone experienced who knows mushrooms take a look. Do not eat them directly. Before eating mushrooms, blanch them in water and stir-fry them, and adding some Chinese cabbage when stir-frying also has a detoxifying effect.