High-Yield Peanut Cultivation Management and Methods for Choosing Chemical Control Agents

Peanut is an important oil crop in China and an annual herbaceous plant. As corn purchase prices have declined in recent years, the peanut planting area has also been continuously expanding. So how should peanut cultivation be managed to achieve high yield? What chemicals are better for chemical control?

I. High-Yield Peanut Management Techniques

1. Soil treatment: Before planting the crop, deep plow once with a plow to a depth of 30-35 cm, rather than simply rotary tilling with a rotary tiller to only about 15 cm. Before plowing, broadcast about 40 kg of Plant Challenge King compound microbial fertilizer.

2. Seed treatment: Before planting, sun-dry peanut seeds on the ground for 1-2 days (not on a cement surface) to improve the quality of the embryo. Before sowing, treat the seeds with a seed dressing agent to improve the emergence rate and uniformity, laying the foundation for high yield.

3. Fertilizer selection: When sowing with seed fertilizer, choose a formula with medium nitrogen, high phosphorus and high potassium. When selecting fertilizer, choose chlorine-based or sulfur-based fertilizer according to soil conditions.

4. Sowing requirements: When sowing, large peanuts require a depth of 5 cm, with the average daily soil temperature stable above 14°C, and small peanuts stable above 12°C. At sowing, the relative soil moisture content should preferably be 70%-75%, that is, the soil in the plow layer can form a ball when held in the hand and crumbles relatively loosely when rubbed. If the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigation should be carried out in time before sowing to ensure full seedlings and strong seedlings.

5. Seedling stage management: Timely break the film, ventilate, check seedlings and fill gaps. After emergence, use the first round of the Jinbanke peanut high-yield package to improve seedling quality and promote leaf and root growth.

6. Mid-stage management: During the flowering and pod-setting stage, raise the ridges, water according to soil moisture, and at the same time, in combination with the control of sheath blight and leaf spot disease, spray the second round of the Jinbanke peanut high-yield package to control excessive growth, promote peg penetration, and prevent diseases.

7. Pre-harvest management: During the full-pod stage, timely apply the third round of the Jinbanke peanut high-yield package to reduce shriveled kernels and increase yield. According to soil moisture, water and drain in time.

8. Harvest requirements: When 3-4 compound leaves remain on the main stem of the plant, more than 70% of the pods underground have hardened shells with clear reticulation, and the inner wall of the pod shell shows blue-brown patches, harvesting can begin. After harvest, dry in time and reduce the moisture content of the pods to below 8% within 1 week. At harvest, also pay attention to recovering residual film to achieve clean land and clean film, preventing residual film from polluting the soil, environment, and forage.

II. What Chemicals Are Used for Peanut Chemical Control?

Peanut chemical control has always been a concern for many growers. Reasonable chemical control can not only enhance the lodging resistance of peanuts but also increase peanut yield. Paclobutrazol and chlormequat are the most commonly used chemical control agents. Personally, I think paclobutrazol has a better effect, but chlormequat is safer.

1. Chlormequat

First, let's look at chlormequat.

Simply put, chlormequat is a plant growth regulator that can regulate plant growth. Chlormequat is a low-toxicity plant growth regulator with relatively little harm to the environment and the peanut itself. By delaying cell elongation, chlormequat dwarfs the plant, thickens the stems, promotes horizontal development, and inhibits upward growth.

It increases the chlorophyll content in the leaves, making the leaf color more glossy green. It increases the plant's lodging resistance and stimulates reproductive growth, that is, the growth of flowers and fruits. It can also improve the plant's resistance, such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, and disease resistance. In addition, chlormequat can be degraded by enzymes in the soil, so environmental pollution is very low and the impact on the next crop is very small.

In addition, chlormequat can dissolve in water, so the chlormequat we buy is generally in aqueous form. There are also many ways to use chlormequat: it can be sprayed, used for seed soaking, and applied by flushing.

After seeing so many advantages of chlormequat, do you think choosing chlormequat is also quite good? Of course, chlormequat is not perfect. In the process of peanut chemical control, chlormequat inhibits cell elongation but does not affect cell division, so although the phytotoxicity to the plant is relatively small, its effect is likewise somewhat limited. Under the same conditions, the effect of paclobutrazol will be more obvious.

2. Paclobutrazol

Paclobutrazol belongs to the triazole class of plant growth regulators. As a chemical control agent, paclobutrazol also has the effect of inhibiting plant growth, can shorten internodes, promote flower and leaf differentiation in peanuts, and increase stress resistance. It reduces excessive growth in peanuts, increases lodging resistance, and increases peanut yield. The paclobutrazol we buy is generally in suspension concentrate form because it cannot dissolve in water. Also, the methods of using paclobutrazol are not as diverse as those of chlormequat; generally we use the spraying method.

The obvious difference from chlormequat is that paclobutrazol can reduce peanut cell division, while the chlormequat mentioned above can only inhibit cell elongation. From this point of view, the effect of paclobutrazol is clearly more intense. In addition, paclobutrazol has stronger fungicidal properties, so it is more suitable for use on peanuts.

However, the disadvantage of paclobutrazol is that although its effect is more obvious, it easily causes phytotoxicity to peanuts, and if the amount is not well controlled, it can very easily affect the growth of the next crop.

Therefore, the two have their own advantages and disadvantages, and growers still need to make a reasonable choice according to their own peanut conditions. If you want a more obvious effect, use paclobutrazol; if you want safety, use chlormequat. Another point is that the timing of peanut chemical control must be well controlled; generally, it is most suitable during the period when a large number of pegs enter the soil.