8 key cultivation techniques for greenhouse peach trees: enjoy delicious peaches even in winter

At present, greenhouse cultivation of peach trees is generally forced early cultivation, that is, through greenhouse cultivation, the fruit is brought to market earlier, for example, you can eat delicious and tasty peaches even in winter. However, to achieve this goal, you must master the correct key cultivation techniques for greenhouse peach trees!

1. Choose a suitable greenhouse

The facilities for greenhouse cultivation of peach trees usually use plastic film solar greenhouses, also called plastic greenhouses. According to the size of the tree body and the expected early or late market arrival of the fruit, choose different plastic greenhouses. If you want the fruit to mature and go on the market at the end of March and early April, you should use a winter-warm plastic greenhouse.

2. Choose suitable peach varieties

The selected varieties must have a low chilling requirement, that is, a short cumulative low-temperature time needed to satisfy natural dormancy, with cumulative low-temperature time below 7.2 degrees Celsius of less than 850 hours. In addition, for greenhouse cultivation, varieties should be selected as much as possible that are self-pollinating, have a high fruit-setting rate, large fruit, good color, excellent quality, and are relatively tolerant of transport.

The varieties currently tested for cultivation include:

Common peach: Chunlei, Zaohualu, etc.

Nectarine: Wuyuehong, Shuguang, Ruiguang No. 1;

Flat peach: Zaolu flat peach.

3. Greenhouse covering management

Greenhouse cultivation of peach trees requires a large capital investment, so it is necessary to make full use of the characteristics of young peach trees growing fast and bearing fruit early, strengthen management, and achieve planting in the same year, flower formation in the same year, greenhouse covering in the same year, and fruit income in the spring of the second year.

1. Strengthen young tree management: after planting, cut the trunk at 30-40 cm. Generally, keep 2 main branches per plant. When the new shoots grow to 30 cm, pinch the tips to promote secondary shoots and increase the nutritional area.

2. Pinching: repeatedly pinch the tips of new shoots in other parts and promptly thin out overly dense and upright-growing new shoots. For new shoots with good angles, bend the branches and keep them as auxiliary nourishing branches. You can also directly plant 2-year-old seedlings.

3. Fertilization: starting from the end of April and early May, apply topdressing three times continuously every 15-20 days, with urea 8 kg/mu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5 kg/mu. After fertilization, water and hoe the soil to increase temperature.

4. Time of greenhouse covering: when to cover the greenhouse to increase temperature depends on whether the natural dormancy of the cultivated variety has been completed. Generally, varieties with low chilling requirements are covered earlier, and vice versa later. The earlier the covering, the earlier the maturity.

In order to ensure sufficient and complete natural dormancy, covering the greenhouse in early to mid-December is relatively safe.

4. Light control

Light is indispensable for plant photosynthesis, and peach trees are also light-loving crops, so light inside the greenhouse is very important for normal growth and fruiting. When light is too weak, artificial supplementary lighting should be used to ensure normal growth.

5. Flower and fruit management

In order to improve the fruit-setting rate and ensure enough fruit, artificial pollination should be carried out, such as dusting pollen with a feather duster, manual pollination, releasing bees during the flowering period for pollination, and spraying boron during the flowering period. Bees should be introduced one week before flowering so that they have an adaptation process. Insecticides are prohibited during the bee-release period.

Fruit thinning: after fruit setting, excessive fruits should be manually thinned to ensure increased fruit size. Fruit thinning is generally carried out three weeks after flowering. Generally, long fruiting branches retain 3-4 fruits, medium fruiting branches retain 2-3 fruits, and short fruiting branches retain 1-2 fruits. For varieties with large fruit, appropriately retain more.

6. Spraying plant growth regulators and supplemental fertilizer

About 10 days after peach flowering, spray 2-3 times a mixture of 0.5% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spraying should preferably be done on a windless evening or cloudy day, once every 2 weeks.

Suggestion: 7-15 days before flowering, mix 30 g of reproductive hormone with 30 jin of water and spray evenly on the leaf surface. Halve it during the flowering period. This can effectively improve the fruit-setting rate and promote fruit expansion.

7. Pest and disease control

The main pests and diseases of greenhouse peach trees include aphids, gray mold, bacterial shot hole disease, etc.

Control of pests and diseases in greenhouse peach trees:

1. Aphids:

Before germination: spray lime sulfur mixture at 3-5 degrees Baume.

10-15 days after flower fall: use 2.5% pifuya wettable powder 1500 times solution to control aphids.

2. Gray mold:

When gray mold occurs in the greenhouse, use 80% sukelin wettable powder 800 times solution for control. You can also use 10% huimeiling smoke agent at 250-450 g per mu to fumigate the greenhouse or use dust agents, such as 5% miemeiling, 6.5% jiameiling, 5% chlorothalonil, etc., at 1 kg per mu.

3. Bacterial shot hole disease:

Streptomycin sulfate 200 mg/L can be used.

After the film is removed, pest and disease control should refer to that for open-field cultivation.

8. Management after removing the greenhouse cover

After fruit harvest and removal of the greenhouse cover, thin out overly dense branches among vigorous overlapping new shoots, upright new shoots, and crossing new shoots.

For upright new shoots with good angles and space, bend or twist the shoots to promote flower bud formation. Retract fruiting branch groups, renew and rejuvenate them, and thin out competitive branches such as main branches. In early June and mid-to-late August, repeatedly pinch the tips of new shoots and spray paclobutrazol to control vigorous growth.

Apply basal fertilizer in autumn to promote growth and lay a good foundation for high yield the next year. After peach leaf fall and before greenhouse covering, carry out shaping and pruning, thin out overly dense branches and vigorous upright branches on the back. For perennial peach trees, thin out overly dense perennial branches. For large branches with space, cut back at appropriate parts to cultivate fruiting branch groups and control tree height, so as to facilitate continued greenhouse cultivation.