Doing rapeseed planting and cultivation management this way gives you a better guarantee of high yields

Rapeseed is also called oil cabbage, yuntai, cold vegetable, hu vegetable, bitter vegetable, taijie, and piaor vegetable. Fofo vegetable, mainly distributed in Anhui, Henan and other places. Below is an introduction to the rapeseed planting and cultivation management methods. If you do these well, will you still worry that your rapeseed will not have a high yield!

1. Land selection and soil preparation

Before sowing, fine cultivation is required. Open furrows, level the soil, divide the beds, dig furrows and sow. The bed surface is required to be level, with a bed width of 130-200 cm, a furrow width of 20 cm, and a furrow depth of about 30 cm. For cold-soaked soil with a heavy clay texture, the bed surface should be narrower and the furrows should be deeper; otherwise, they should be wider and shallower.

2. Selection of improved varieties

Choose rapeseed varieties that are disease-resistant, high-yielding, adapted to the local natural environmental conditions and farming system, and have passed approval.

3. Sow at the right time and plant at a reasonable density

(1) Sowing time: For double-low cabbage-type rapeseed varieties, sowing in October each year is suitable. For other varieties in other regions, operate according to actual conditions.

(2) Sowing method: Generally, hole sowing or furrow drilling is used. When sowing, the seeds should fall evenly, the seeds should enter the soil about 2 cm, sow 8-10 seeds per hole, with a hole spacing of 30-35 cm. The holes should be even and consistent in depth.

(3) Planting density: Generally, the planting density is determined according to variety characteristics, water and fertilizer conditions, and cultivation methods. For cabbage-type rapeseed, generally 20,000-30,000 plants per mu is suitable. Generally, sow 10,000 holes per mu, leaving 2—3 plants per hole.

4. Scientific fertilization

(1) Base fertilizer: Apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer deeply when plowing the field, generally 2500-3000 kg/mu, potassium sulfate (50%) 10 kg/mu, and boron fertilizer 1.0 kg/mu.

(2) Topdressing: For boron-deficient soil, spray 0.1%—0.2% borax aqueous solution 2-4 times at the seedling stage and bud bolting stage.

5. Field management

(1) Replenish seedlings and thin seedlings in time. After sowing rapeseed, seedlings generally emerge in 7-9 days. Replenish missing hole seedlings (seeds) or replant seedlings with water in time. Rapeseed thinning should be timely. Carry out the first thinning when there are 1-2 true leaves, the second thinning when there are 3-4 true leaves, and final thinning at the 5-leaf stage, leaving 2—3 plants per hole.

In addition, for small areas of rapeseed, manual sowing can be used. If planting a large area, you can go to an agricultural machinery market to buy a professional rapeseed seeder for sowing, which saves effort and is quick!

(2) Irrigation principles: According to soil moisture and the water requirements of rapeseed, irrigate as appropriate within 2 days after sowing, at the 4—5 leaf stage, at the bud bolting stage, and at the flowering stage.

(3) Field weeding. After thinning, cultivate once. The cultivation depth should not be too deep; 3-5 cm is sufficient, and only shallow hoeing between rows. After final thinning, cultivate once, and the cultivation depth can be increased to 7-9 cm.

6. Green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Agricultural control, physical control, biological control, etc. can be used. Diseases prone to occur in open-field rapeseed in spring crops mainly include sclerotinia stem rot, downy mildew, and black rot. To prevent and control diseases, remove old and diseased leaves in time. When the diseased leaf rate reaches more than 10%, pesticides can be used for control.

(1) Rapeseed sclerotinia stem rot: This disease mainly damages stems, and also damages leaves, flowers, and pods. The lesions on stems are initially light brown, slightly sunken, then turn grayish white. When humidity is high, the diseased part becomes soft and rots, and white cotton-like growth (the pathogen's mycelium) appears on the surface. The cortex of diseased stems rots, and the pith mostly disappears to form a cavity, with large black sclerotia growing inside, shaped like mouse droppings. Sometimes sclerotia also grow on the stem surface. This disease begins to occur at the flowering stage of rapeseed and continues to damage until maturity. It causes plants to wither early, seeds to shrink, and reduces yield and income.

(2) Rapeseed downy mildew: This disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of rapeseed, causing leaves to die and flower clusters to become swollen and deformed. This disease can damage leaves, stems, flowers, and pods. Its symptoms are that on the front of the damaged leaves, inconspicuous light yellow lesions first appear, polygonal in shape, and white frost-like mold grows on the diseased part on the back of the leaf. It cannot set seed or sets seed poorly, and rapeseed yield and quality decline.

(3) Rapeseed mosaic disease: The symptom characteristic of rapeseed mosaic disease is that after infection, clear vein symptoms appear on young leaves, with all or part of the leaf veins appearing light yellow (slightly transparent when viewed against light), followed by mosaic symptoms (that is, alternating yellow-green and dark green). A few leaves become deformed, plants become dwarfed, seed set is reduced, and empty seeds increase. In more severe cases, the whole plant becomes dwarfed and deformed. Water-soaked, brown to dark brown dead streaks often appear on stems. Diseased pods curve, and severely diseased plants often die early.

7. Harvest at the right time

35 days—40 days after rapeseed finishes flowering, when 70%—80% of the pods throughout the day turn yellow, the middle and lower pods of the main inflorescence show a loquat color, and the seed coat shows its inherent color, is the best harvest period.

The above introduction is for reference only. Actual conditions vary by region, and the sowing time and variety selection may differ slightly. Adjustments should be made according to actual conditions.