Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Efficient Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Techniques

Oyster mushrooms can be cultivated year-round, but the cultivation benefits are highest when grown in the high-temperature season. Below, the editor will introduce efficient oyster mushroom cultivation techniques.

1. Planting Key Points

1. The planting site should be chosen in a dark and damp place. Under the condition of ensuring ventilation, the oyster mushroom yard should be selected in a place that is shady, damp and has a notable cooling effect, such as a ground shade shed, a semi-underground shade shed, an air-raid shelter, a basement and other such places; for caves and cave-like sheds, the construction site should be chosen where there are trees around and groundwater nearby, and where the day-night temperature difference can be increased, which is beneficial to the growth of oyster mushroom mycelium.

2. In principle, the choice of variety is based on the temperature of the oyster mushroom site. There are several types: high-temperature, medium-temperature, low-temperature and wide-temperature. For summer production, high-temperature strains should be selected, and the mycelium should be thick and strong in growth; conversely, aged bacteria with high-temperature tolerance cannot be used, otherwise the yield will be greatly reduced.

3. In order to make full use of the substrate, increase oyster mushroom yield, and avoid the occurrence of high-temperature burning, the specification length of the cultivation bag should be reduced to 40-42 cm, with a diameter of 20-22 cm.

4. Choose cultivation raw materials to ensure air permeability and avoid a natural rise in the raw material temperature. The ideal summer raw material should be cottonseed hulls (containing no or very little short linter), fresh, mold-free cultivation material, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced while the amount of gypsum should be appropriately increased.

5. In summer, control the moisture ratio to control mold reproduction in the cultivation bag material and the natural rise in temperature; medium-dry is good, and the material-to-water ratio must not exceed 1:1.1.

6. For pile fermentation and sterilized substrate cultivation, carry out pile fermentation on a cement floor as much as possible; when the material is not compacted, the pile should not be too wide or too high, and air holes should be made in the material pile; the surface of the material pile should be covered with plastic sheeting as little as possible or not at all, to avoid poor ventilation causing anaerobic fermentation and to improve the success rate. Sterilized substrate production should be used in the high-temperature season, with atmospheric pressure sterilization and two inoculations, distributing it as evenly as possible and covering the material surface.

2. Key Points for Mycelium Running Management

1. According to the fruiting temperature range of high-temperature strains, which is 15-36 degrees C, the production time for oyster mushrooms is from May to September, and the best cultivation period is from mid-March to early March, and mixed cultivation can be carried out.

2. The mycelium running room should be disinfected in advance by spraying or fumigation.

For spraying, use Jinxing disinfectant or kemeling diluted 100 times; for fumigation, use 15-20 grams of sulfur powder per cubic meter or 2 packs of disinfectant. There should be shady and ventilated settings.

3. Arrange bags in a well-shaped pattern or run mycelium on the ground, check the material temperature every day, and when the material temperature exceeds 30°c, immediately turn the heat over to prevent a local temperature rise and burning of the material. Keep the relative air humidity at 60-70%, not too high. Press the ventilation opening against window screening.

3. Key Points for Fruiting Management

1. To stimulate fruiting, keep the distance between logs at 2-3 cm, and lay a layer of plastic woven bags on the ground to ensure the mushrooms are clean. If sudden high temperatures occur, promptly splash groundwater on the ground or walls to cool down; irrigate the ground with groundwater to increase the day-night temperature difference and stimulate fruiting.

2. Ventilate in time to avoid abnormalities in oyster mushrooms after the mycelium fills the bag and buds appear; open the bag opening in time to keep the bag cultivation medium moist. At the same time, open doors and windows for ventilation. Otherwise, the oyster mushroom stems will be slender and the caps small and thin, greatly reducing commercial quality.

3. To ensure air humidity and increase the amount of spraying, since summer air is relatively dry, on clear days the number of sprinklings should be maintained at 3-5 times per day. The spraying target is not limited only to the oyster mushroom bodies and the culture medium, but also includes the ambient air, ensuring air humidity is between 85% and 95%.

4. For bag removal and casing soil fruiting, mainly to supplement the moisture and nutrients of the medium and increase oyster mushroom yield, after two flushes the oyster mushrooms have serious water loss, so they should be covered with soil; the casing soil layer should not be too thick and should be about 2 cm. At the same time, it must also be shaded and sprayed with water. When spraying water, the amount should not be too large or too forceful, and no water should be sprayed after oyster mushrooms appear, to ensure the quality of the oyster mushroom bodies.

5. Post-harvest management: after entering the shed for fruiting management, after 3-5 d, the first batch of oyster mushrooms begins to be harvested. After harvest, the remaining winter mushroom stems and dried winter mushrooms should be cleaned up in time to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. When the second batch of oyster mushrooms grows to about 2 cm in diameter, extra or supplementary yield can be sprayed to increase yield. After the second batch of oyster mushrooms is picked, spraying is needed: after drying the nutrient solution, add a 0.2% salt and 2% soybean milk mixture to increase the thickness of oyster mushroom caps and achieve high quality and high yield.

4. Pest and Disease Control

1. Before planting, the rooms and sheds used should be thoroughly disinfected, for example by spraying insecticide around the house, spraying lime powder, and disinfecting with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate.

2. At high temperatures, when insects are found at the oyster mushroom stage, they can be sprayed or injected into the cultivation bags for insect mites, oyster mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and the like. For oyster mushroom yellow disease, use agricultural streptomycin, oyster mushroom king, rot fungus and other drugs for alternative control.

3. The main physiological diseases include oyster mushroom bud death, failure of the cap to form, and edema rot. Corresponding control measures should be taken for different causes, avoiding the use of aged bacteria, sowing evenly, ventilating appropriately when buds form, reducing the amount of spraying, and controlling excessive bud density to effectively prevent the withering and death of mushroom buds.