Shiitake mushrooms are hailed as the queen of mushrooms; what cultivation methods are there?
Shiitake mushroom, also known as flower mushroom, fragrant mushroom, fragrant gu, and so on, is the second largest edible fungus in the world. The cultivation of shiitake mushrooms originated in our country; they are rich in nutritional value and have health benefits, and are loved by many people. So, what cultivation methods are there for shiitake mushrooms? Let's take a look together!
I. Site selection
For shiitake cultivation sites, rural areas with flat terrain, fresh air and convenient transportation are generally chosen. Before selecting the site, soil testing for agricultural residues and heavy metals should be done well, to lay a good foundation for subsequent planting.
The spawn-running shed should be about 3 m high, 11 m wide and 60 m long. The spawn-running shed is made of a reinforced steel structure, with the roof covered by two layers of plastic sheeting, with insulating cotton felt added between the two layers of plastic sheeting. The fruiting shed should be 2.5 m high, 7 m wide and about 50 m long, with a spacing of about 1 m between fruiting sheds; a bamboo and wood structure is preferable, with the roof covered with plastic film to waterproof and rainproof. In addition, a single layer of 95% shade netting is hung 1 m above the shed roof to block sunlight, lower temperature and prevent light. Rotating micro-sprinkler watering facilities are installed inside the shed.
II. Cultivation season
The stick-making time for shiitake mushrooms is around February, and fruiting occurs from summer to autumn.
III. Formula
Sawdust 79%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%
IV. Mixing materials
Pick out small wood chips and sharp objects from the sawdust, and mix the materials according to the formula. Put them into a mixer and stir evenly first, then add water and continue stirring until the water content reaches about 60%.
V. Bagging
For shiitake bagging, low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags are generally used, with a specification of about 15 cm×55 cm×0.005 cm; the mushroom bags must not be too thick. Machine bagging is used, with manual tying of the openings. The bag openings need to be tied firmly; if damage is found, it must be pasted and sealed promptly.
VI. Inoculation
Before inoculation, comprehensive disinfection is required; after disinfection is completed, lay new plastic on the ground, and wait for the bag temperature to drop below 20 degrees before starting inoculation. The spawn should be selected from age-appropriate spawn with white, robust and evenly growing mycelium, and disinfected properly with agents; soak and wash with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 1 minute, or soak and wash with 0.25% benzalkonium bromide for 1 minute. The inoculation tools and the disinfected spawn are placed into the inoculation tent together with the material bags and fumigated and disinfected with an aerosol disinfection box 6-8 hours in advance, with a dosage of 5 grams per cubic meter. Inoculation is carried out by the single-side four-point method; after inoculation, the roll-on plastic film method is used to seal the inoculation holes to keep warm and retain moisture.
VII. Spawn-running cultivation
The spawn-running room uses dark light and natural temperature or heated spawn running; the air temperature is kept between 15 degrees and 20 degrees, and the air humidity is preferably 65%. During the spawn-running period, ventilation, heat dissipation and pile turning should be done promptly according to changes in air temperature, shed temperature, pile temperature and bag temperature, to prevent oxygen deficiency and high-temperature burning of the spawn that lead to yield decline, causing unnecessary economic losses.
VIII. Bag removal and color change
When removing bags, the ground temperature in the fruiting shed should be above 15 degrees; after bag removal, arrange the bags with the inoculation holes facing up, with 9 bags per linear meter in a single row. When removing bags, close the air vents, cover with soil and water promptly, to reduce the loss of water from the mushroom sticks. At the same time, do a good job of temperature control, humidity control and ventilation.
The above is the shiitake mushroom cultivation method compiled for you by Tuliu.com. Do you understand it all now?