Mushroom Planting and Cultivation Techniques and Remedies for Common Problems

The mushroom is a common edible fungus with 36,000 species. Mushrooms are a high-protein, low-fat food that is very nutritious. Eating mushrooms can also boost appetite, promote bowel movements and detoxification, calm and relieve pain, and enhance resistance, among other benefits. The good market returns of mushrooms have drawn growers' attention. Below, let us look at mushroom planting and cultivation techniques and see how to plant them to increase yields as much as possible.

1. Mushroom planting and cultivation techniques

1. Build a mushroom house

The first thing to prepare for growing mushrooms is the mushroom house. So, what are the requirements for a mushroom house? The more commonly used mushroom houses are built as greenhouses, but you can also use old houses, basements and so on to cultivate mushrooms. The mushroom house must have good ventilation but also be sturdy, because growing mushrooms requires opening the doors and windows regularly for ventilation and air exchange. In winter, the mushroom house is required to retain heat and moisture, and when the mushroom house is closed it must not let light through. Pay special attention to rat holes, and guard against pests getting in. In addition, one more point is that you should consider whether there is a clean water source near the mushroom house, and also check whether drainage is convenient.

2. Preparation of growing nutrients

The nutrients for growing mushrooms are generally livestock manure, wheat straw, bran, rice straw, corn stalks and so on. How do you formulate mushroom nutrients? How should they be formulated to achieve high yields? Taking a 400 sq m mushroom house as an example, you need 3000-4000 kg of corn cobs, 6-8 cubic meters of fresh chicken manure, and 1500-2000 kg of lime. The limewater is used to treat the corn cobs and requires a pH of 14. Stack them layer by layer with one layer of fresh chicken manure and one layer of corn cobs, turning them once about every three to four days, and persisting this way for half a month is enough.

3. Disinfect and sterilize the mushroom house

Because the mushroom nutrients are made by stacking and fermenting, and mushrooms belong to the fungi, after the nutrients are stacked you should begin to disinfect and sterilize the mushroom house, then close the doors and windows of the mushroom house. The indoor temperature of the mushroom house is required to be around 60 degrees, and after three hours the temperature can be lowered to 50 degrees. Persist this way for one week, letting the nutrients be disinfected and sterilized during fermentation.

4. Spreading the nutrients and inoculation

After the mushroom nutrients are prepared, the nutrients need to be spread flat, and the mushroom bed should be about 15 cm thick. After that comes inoculating the mushrooms. You can inoculate by the hole-spawning method. As for the inoculation density, it depends on your actual situation; if you want to speed up fermentation, you can inoculate more densely. Then you can cover the mushroom nutrients with fertile soil.

The yield and quality of mushrooms have a very important relationship with water management and temperature management. In the early stage the humidity can be 70%, and in the later stage the humidity can be around 85%, and at the same time you should water frequently. If you want to speed up mushroom emergence, the temperature during fermentation should be controlled at 10-18 degrees, and when the mushrooms emerge the temperature should be controlled at 20-28 degrees.

2. What problems might be encountered during mushroom cultivation? And how to remedy them?

1. What should you do if the mycelium does not grow into the soil layer?

This problem mainly occurs because the nutrients were fermented too much or not enough, and it may also be that the pH value of the culture material is wrong. When you water too much after casing soil, too much water flows onto the mycelium and causes death. How to remedy it? In this situation you need to adjust the pH value, increase ventilation, and deal with the excess water as soon as possible.

2. What should you do if dead mushrooms, dense mushrooms or deformed mushrooms appear?

Dead mushrooms, dense mushrooms or deformed mushrooms are generally related to temperature, nutrients or poor ventilation. Too high a temperature may cause dead mushrooms, and poor fertilizer may weaken the growth capacity of mushroom mycelium and cause dense mushrooms.

If the mushrooms die, it may be related to temperature. At this time you should ventilate as soon as possible, stop watering, and lowering the temperature is the best remedy. If dense mushrooms appear, it is generally a problem with fertilizer and temperature. If the nutrients are too thin or on the dry side, in this case maintain a normal temperature and then add fertilizer.

3. Hard cap opening

If mushrooms show hard cap opening, this problem is related to air humidity and temperature. To avoid this problem, you need to pay attention to temperature differences and the humidity of the nutrients.