Symptoms and Control Methods of Bacterial Spot Disease in Enoki Mushroom
The scientific name of enoki mushroom is Flammulina velutipes, also known as velvet foot, fire mushroom, fu mushroom, winter mushroom, frozen mushroom, golden mushroom, intelligence mushroom, etc. Because its stem is slender, resembling golden needle vegetables, it is called enoki mushroom. In the specific cultivation process of enoki mushroom, it is very prone to bacterial spot disease, also known as bacterial brown spot disease. Once it occurs, it harms the quality of enoki mushroom. So what symptoms does enoki mushroom bacterial spot disease have? How to control it? Let's take a look together.
I. What symptoms does enoki mushroom bacterial spot disease have?
The disease first appears on the cap, showing brown spots the size of sesame seeds or mung beans. The edges of the lesions are irregular. When conditions are suitable, the lesions rapidly develop and merge into one continuous area covering the entire stem, turning the whole stem brown, soft in texture, unable to stand upright, with mucus, and finally turning dark brown and even rotting. This seriously affects product quality and has become one of the major diseases in recent years. The main causes of the disease are the use of materials left over from the previous year in the mushroom house, pathogens brought in by tools, and pathogens introduced by human activity during management. Excessive humidity in the mushroom house and poor ventilation are triggering factors. Moisture on the cap surface, especially spraying cold water in cold weather, has an important relationship with the occurrence of the disease, as does excessively high relative humidity.
II. How to control enoki mushroom bacterial spot disease?
1. Keep the mushroom yard clean and sanitary, and promptly remove diseased mushrooms and waste material; mushroom houses, bed frames, tools, etc. should be thoroughly disinfected before use with a 1:50 dilution of Jinxing disinfectant or 2% bleaching powder, especially mushroom sheds with a serious history of the disease.
2. When cultivating enoki mushroom, the culture material should be thoroughly sterilized. When cultivating button mushroom and oyster mushroom, the culture material should be fully fermented, uniformly decomposed, and the casing soil material can be disinfected by fumigation with formaldehyde.
3. When mixing the material, Youmeijing should be diluted with water at a 1:1000 ratio and mixed into the material. Do not use highly toxic or high-residue anti-pollution agents, etc., to ensure production effectiveness;
4. During the fruiting period of enoki mushroom, control the temperature of the fruiting room below 15°C, avoid fruiting during high-temperature and high-humidity seasons, and strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation during high temperatures. During the fruiting period of oyster mushroom, the temperature should not exceed 18°C. If the temperature rises suddenly, cooling measures should be taken, such as opening windows, removing film, and shading, but note that the temperature fluctuation in the mushroom house should not be too large, to prevent water vapor condensation and the formation of a water film.
5. When diseased mushrooms are found, remove them promptly, immediately increase ventilation, suspend or reduce water spraying, rapidly lower the temperature, and use medication to control the extent of the disease. For example, spray a 5% clear lime water solution on the material surface, or spray a streptomycin solution of 100-200 units per milliliter or 300 units of oxytetracycline, or a 500-1000 times dilution of bleaching powder solution, once every 2 days. Stop watering the mushroom bed for 1 day before and after application, and apply again at an interval of 3-4 days, using it continuously 3 times or more, which can effectively control the spread of the disease. When the disease is severe, first remove the diseased mushrooms, clean the material surface or casing soil, and then spray according to the above method.