Main Diseases of the Shaggy Mane Mushroom and Pollution-Free Control Methods

The shaggy mane mushroom, scientific name Coprinus comatus, is a macrofungus. The mushroom is tender and fine in texture, delicious and tasty, and rich in nutrients. It has multiple medicinal functions, can be cultivated using crop straw, cottonseed hulls, sawdust and spent substrate from other edible fungi, and is easy to cultivate with high yields, so it can serve as an emerging project in industrialization and is very suitable for promotion in the adjustment of rural industrial structure. In the specific cultivation process, what are the main diseases of the shaggy mane mushroom? What are the pollution-free control methods?

I. Planting time of the shaggy mane mushroom

The shaggy mane mushroom is a straw-rotting, dung-inhabiting, soil-inhabiting fungus with extremely strong adaptability. It belongs to the constant-temperature fruiting, mesophilic type of mushrooms. The suitable temperature for mycelial growth is 23-28°C, and the suitable temperature for fruiting body formation is 15-18°C. It can be cultivated in both spring and autumn. For autumn cultivation, spawn is generally made from June to August, and mushrooms are produced from late September to December. For spring cultivation, spawn is generally made from November to February of the following year, and the spawn needs appropriate heating for mycelial running, with mushrooms produced from April to June.

II. What are the main diseases of the shaggy mane mushroom?

1. Chicken-claw fungus

This fungus is a rather serious parasitic pathogenic fungus. It mainly occurs during the period of fruiting body formation and growth, and is named chicken-claw fungus because its fruiting body resembles a chicken claw. During the growth of the shaggy mane mycelium, it is invaded by pathogenic mycelium in the soil; the two combine and grow together, thereby producing chicken-claw mushrooms.

2. Brown blotch disease

Brown blotch disease mainly harms the shaggy mane mushroom. It does not penetrate deep into the flesh from the surface tissue of the fruiting body. When the disease occurs, brown lesions appear on the cap or stipe of the fruiting body, and as the disease continues to develop and expand, the entire fruiting body eventually turns brown.

3. Rot disease

Rot disease is a common bacterial disease. It mainly harms the fruiting body of the shaggy mane mushroom. In the early stage of fruiting body formation, the affected fruiting body turns brown, causing the cap to later blacken and rot, leaving only the stipe. In environments with high temperature and high humidity and poor ventilation, the incidence of this disease is relatively high, and in summer, because it is off-season cultivation, it is also very prone to infection by this disease.

III. What are the pollution-free control methods for the shaggy mane mushroom?

1. Agricultural control methods

First, create suitable environmental conditions for growth. During the fruiting period, pay attention to controlling the temperature and air humidity of the fruiting site, ensure good ventilation conditions at the fruiting site, and avoid the formation of diseases due to high temperature and high humidity. At the same time, appropriately spray nutrients (such as Enfei, Gudazhuang, etc.) to improve the disease resistance of the shaggy mane mycelium; promptly clean up mushroom bases and dead, rotten and diseased mushrooms to avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases. Second, rotate crops. Rotate cultivation with local crops, requiring rotation once every two to three years to avoid continuous cropping.

2. Physical control methods

First, facility protection. Seal ventilation openings with insect-proof nets to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Second, set up insect-killing lamps to trap and kill pests, such as using frequency-vibration insect-killing lamps, black light lamps and double-wave lamps to trap and kill pests.

3. Chemical control methods

The shaggy mane mushroom is an edible fungus harvested continuously many times. To ensure the food safety and pollution-free nature of the product, the following requirements should be followed when applying pesticides: First, apply pesticides strictly according to the safety interval, concentration and application method, and harvest first before applying pesticides; second, within 7 d before harvest, the use of chemical insecticides is strictly prohibited; third, alternate and rotate pesticides, and try to alternate different types of pesticides to control pests and diseases. At the same time, when chemical pesticides are used for control, they must comply with pollution-free agricultural product production standards. Apply pesticides reasonably and safely in good time according to the growth of the shaggy mane mushroom and the occurrence of pests and diseases, so as to achieve the control effect.