Tomato Viral Disease: Symptom Identification and Control Methods

Tomato is one of the common vegetables in our daily lives. Because of its rich nutritional value, it is deeply loved by people, and its planting area is also very wide. During the specific planting process, tomato viral disease is very likely to occur. What symptoms does this disease have? How should it be controlled? Let us take a look below.

I. Symptoms of Tomato Viral Disease

1. Field symptoms of tomato: The field symptoms of tomato are quite diverse, mainly including six types: mosaic type, stripe type, fern leaf type, giant bud type, leaf curl type, and yellow top type.

2. Common symptom types: Among the symptoms of tomato viral disease, the common ones are mosaic type, stripe type, and fern leaf type. Among them, stripe virus has the greatest impact on yield, followed by fern leaf virus.

II. Control Methods for Tomato Viral Disease

1. According to the main local virus sources, select disease-resistant varieties suited to local conditions.

2. Carry out virus-free seed cultivation and production. Before sowing, soak the seeds in clean water for 3-4 hours, then place them in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution and soak for 40-50 minutes. After removing them, rinse them clean with water, then promote germination and sow, or soak the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes; the field used for transplanting should be selected from plots that have not planted tomatoes or have not had tomato viral disease. Fields where tomato viral disease has occurred must be deeply plowed to promote the decomposition of virus-carrying diseased residues. If conditions permit, apply lime to promote the inactivation of tobacco mosaic virus on the diseased residues in the soil.

3. Implement crop rotation and changing stubble, avoid intercropping and continuous cropping, reduce and avoid transmission of tomato viral disease through soil and residues, and reduce the occurrence of viral disease; thoroughly remove virus-carrying weeds in seedling-raising areas and planting sheds to reduce sources of viral disease; promote formula fertilization technology, and spray growth regulators to enhance host disease resistance.

4. Disease prevention measures for tomato cultivation:

First, sow at the appropriate time, cultivate strong seedlings, and keep the seedling age appropriate. When transplanting, flower buds are required, but the seedlings should not be aged;

Second, transplant early at the appropriate time to promote strong seedlings and early development, use plastic shed cultivation, and avoid the field disease period;

Third, cultivate and weed early, earth up in time to promote root development, prune late, harvest early, and spray one part per ten thousand of yield-increasing spirit during the transplant recovery period, which can improve resistance to mosaic virus. During the first truss fruit-setting stage, water should be applied in time. After fruit setting, watering should pay attention to mixing manure and chemical fertilizers to promote fruit development and strong vines. Especially in high-temperature and dry seasons, water frequently and pay attention to improving the field microclimate.

5. Spray pesticides to control at the early stage of disease onset

At the early stage of disease onset (5-6 leaf stage), begin spraying for protection. Jinbeisi No. 3 + Ningnanmycin, Xinjunamine, moroxydine copper and other agents can be used for foliar spraying. After application, spray once every 7 days, for 3 consecutive sprays. The control effect on tomato viral disease can reach about 80%. In addition, when applying pesticides, brassinolide, trace elements and other growth regulators can also be added to improve disease tolerance and enhance disease resistance.

6. Early control of aphids and whiteflies

In tomato seedling-raising areas and planting areas, use imidacloprid, pirimicarb copper and other pesticides against piercing-sucking mouthpart pests as early as possible to kill virus-carrying aphids and whiteflies on weeds and surrounding vegetables, and prevent transmission by insect vectors such as aphids and whiteflies. Especially in high-temperature and dry years, pay attention to timely pesticide application to control aphids, whiteflies, and others, which can effectively prevent TMV infection and reduce the occurrence and damage of tomato viral disease.