Key Management Techniques for Pear Trees During the Young Fruit Enlargement Stage

Pear trees love warmth and light and have a relatively high water requirement. Their adaptability to the external environment is stronger than that of apples. They are cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant and salt-alkali-tolerant. China's pear cultivation area and output are second only to apples. Summer is precisely the vigorous growth period of young fruit, so how should pear trees be managed during the young fruit enlargement stage?

1. Applying Fruit-Swelling Fertilizer

Fruit-swelling fertilizer not only affects the size and quality of the pears, but more importantly it is related to the quantity and quality of flower bud differentiation of the pear trees in the coming year. According to the root activity pattern and flower bud differentiation characteristics of pear trees, fertilization should be completed by the end of June to early July. Choose potassium sulfate-based compound fertilizer + high-potassium high-calcium package fertilizer; the application amount accounts for 30% of the total annual fertilization amount. Generally, apply 50 kg-70 kg of compound fertilizer + 15-18 kg of Jiamei Yinglilai or Neijiade per mu. Fertilization method: take the drip line of the tree canopy as the boundary (for trees not yet spread, take the position of the branch tips after spreading the branches as the standard), dig 8-10 ring-shaped fertilization holes 0.2 m-0.3 m in length, width and depth, apply the fertilizer evenly, cover with fine soil and water promptly after application, and at the same time, in combination with pest and disease control, spray the leaf surface with 800-times dilution of Jiamei Brain Platinum or Fruit Tree Gold Product 2-3 times.

2. Pest and Disease Control

In summer, pear trees are susceptible to pests and diseases and should be controlled promptly.

Fungal diseases——during the fruit enlargement and ripening stages, the main ones are black spot disease, rust disease, brown spot disease, ring rot disease, anthracnose, powdery mildew, dieback, pear aphids, pear fruit borers (large and small), pear stink bugs, weevils, longhorn beetle disease, etc.

Control measures:

1. Manually remove pest- and disease-affected shoot tips and diseased shoot tips, and bury them deep;

2. Cut down juniper and cypress trees and other such trees to eliminate the parasitic source of rust disease.

3. Shoot Control and Tip Pinching

1. Shoot control

In order to balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pear trees, 150-200 times dilution of monopotassium phosphate or 300-500 times dilution of pp03 can be sprayed for shoot control.

2. Tip pinching

For sprouts at the cut openings and vigorous water sprouts on the back, twist or remove them. When ordinary shoots reach 4-5 cun in length, promptly remove the buds to regulate the leaf-to-fruit ratio. For some extension branches and extension branches of some branch groups that have grown more than 80 cm, promptly pinch the tips to moderate growth and promote the formation of flower buds.

4. Water Management

Pear trees have three peak water demand periods: germination to flowering, fruit set to the second fruit enlargement stage, and the sugar conversion stage. The second fruit enlargement stage also coincides with the high-temperature and rainy period; sharp changes in soil moisture can easily aggravate fruit cracking. In particular, long-term drought during the fruit enlargement stage followed by sudden heavy rain, or several consecutive rainy days followed by several days of strong sun, makes fruit cracking likely. At the same time, if the orchard soil is too sticky and heavy, there are too many vigorous shoots, and there is more nitrogen and less calcium, plus varieties such as Cuiguan, Huangguan and Korla Fragrant Pear have thin and crisp fruit skin, physiological fruit drop is aggravated.

How to coordinate soil water management and the fruit cracking problem? Improve orchard irrigation so that watering is possible in drought and drainage is possible in waterlogging, thin out some vigorous shoots, strengthen branch spreading, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers, etc., which helps reduce fruit cracking.

Specific method: during the fruit enlargement stage, continuously spray chelated calcium fertilizer + phosphorus-potassium-calcium water-soluble fertilizer 3 times to supplement calcium during fruit enlargement and reduce fruit cracking.