A detailed guide to black soybean cultivation techniques, helping you grow the king of beans well
Black soybean is the black seed of the soybean, a plant in the Fabaceae family. Black soybean has a high protein content and is easy to digest. It is rich in vitamins, lecithin, melanin, and phospholipids, among other substances, and also contains abundant trace elements. Below is “a detailed guide to the cultivation techniques for the ”king of beans,” black soybean!
1. Seed selection and treatment
The quality of the seeds determines yield and quality, so seed selection is extremely important. Choose varieties that grow vigorously, have strong disease resistance, and produce stable yields. Remove diseased seeds, insect-damaged seeds, and moldy seeds, and select large, uniform, spherical or oval seeds with a light white powdery coating on the surface for sowing. Treat the seeds before sowing to improve the germination rate. On a clear day, spread the seeds on the ground and turn them to dry in the sun for 1-2 days. After sun-drying, mix them evenly with a diluted solution of zinc sulfate and borax to eliminate surface pathogens, and then they are ready for sowing.
2. Land preparation and fertilization
Choose flat, level land with loose soil and good drainage for planting. Before planting, plow deeply 15-20cm. After plowing, harrow and level the soil clods, requiring the soil to be fine and free of obvious clods and stones. Before sowing, fertilize the prepared plot: apply 2000-3000kg of farmyard manure per mu, or use 400kg of organic fertilizer, along with some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and other fertilizers. Farmyard manure is applied before land preparation, while organic fertilizer and other fertilizers are applied during plowing.
3. Sowing and seedling raising
Black soybean can generally be sown when the soil temperature reaches 10 degrees, usually in March-April. Hill sowing and drill sowing methods can be used. If it is not planted in the same plot as other crops, drill sowing is generally used. With drill sowing, pay attention to covering the soil evenly and consistently to prevent uneven depth, and also pay attention to sowing density, which should not be too dense, generally leaving about 10,000 plants per mu; for hill sowing, sow 3-4 seeds per hole, cover with 3-4cm of soil, and use 2-3kg of seed per mu. After sowing, pay attention to field conditions and check promptly after seedlings emerge. If missing seedlings are found, replant in time. When compound leaves grow, thinning can be carried out, removing diseased, weak, and mixed seedlings.
4. Field management
Field management includes intertillage and weeding, fertilizer and water management, topping and chemical control, and pest and disease control. Black soybean requires 3-4 intertillage and weeding operations from seedling emergence to the flowering stage. The first is just after seedling emergence, the second is during thinning, and the third is when the seedlings are 10cm tall. After black soybean enters the flowering stage, having gone through various growth stages, the base fertilizer has been mostly used up, so topdressing is needed at this time to maintain nutrient supply. Generally, 5kg of urea is applied per mu as topdressing. After pod setting, foliar spraying and root-zone spraying can be carried out according to growth conditions. Water promptly during dry periods, and pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention measures during rainy seasons.
In order to make the plant set more fruit and inhibit excessively dense growth, timely pinching is necessary. Pinch when 5-6 true leaves have grown, to promote horizontal growth. When the 4th-5th branches grow, promptly remove the terminal buds to promote branch growth. The main diseases in black soybean cultivation include mosaic virus disease and bacterial spot disease, and the pests include aphids and pod borers. Their control work should be done well.
The above is Tuliu.com's introduction to black soybean cultivation techniques. Black soybean is planted everywhere in our country from south to north, and the richness of its variety resources ranks first among all countries in the world. Most are distributed in the Yellow River basin, which is the main production area of small black soybean.