Learn soybean planting and management techniques well to achieve high yield and high efficiency
Soybean is commonly known as yellow bean and is widely grown across our country. As one of the widely cultivated food crops, planting and management techniques are the key factors for high yield and high efficiency. Please remember the content introduced below.
I. Relevant information about soybean
1. Soybean price
At present, the quoted price for soybean on board at Mudanjiang soybean traders is 3620 yuan/tonne, the domestic purchase price of unprocessed soybean is 3380 yuan/tonne, the purchase price of cleaned edible soybean in Muling City is 3400 yuan/tonne, and the purchase price of cleaned edible soybean in Boli County is 3400 yuan/tonne.
2. Soybean yield per mu
Under normal conditions, the soybean yield per mu is 400-600 jin. At present, the highest yield per mu in our country is 811 kg in Xinjiang, and the highest yield in the world is 1388 jin in the United States.
3. Soybean subsidy
In 2018, the corn producer subsidy standard in Heilongjiang Province was 25 yuan/mu for lawful planting area, and the soybean producer subsidy standard was 320 yuan/mu for lawful planting area. In 2019, our country's soybean planting subsidy policy may continue to increase.
II. Soybean planting and management techniques
To achieve high yield and high efficiency in soybean planting, planting and management techniques are very important. Let us learn about them together below.
1. Preparation before soybean planting
For soybean planting, choose soil that is flat in terrain, deep, and relatively fertile. In autumn, conduct shallow ploughing and deep loosening for land preparation. For ridge-cropping plots, form the ridges well; for flat-cropping plots, level and harrow finely to reach a ready-to-sow state. Apply base fertilizer to the prepared plots, including organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and part of the nitrogen fertilizer. If the plot is deficient in potassium fertilizer, some potassium fertilizer can be applied.
2. Soybean sowing techniques
There are many soybean varieties to plant, and everyone can choose according to local conditions. Before sowing, the seeds must be carefully selected and treated. For summer soybean sowing, it can be carried out after the local temperature reaches 7-9 degrees. Generally, plain townships sow from May 1 to May 15, and mountainous townships sow from May 10 to May 25. Autumn sowing is before mid-August. The soybean planting density is 400,000-450,000 plants/hectare.
3. Field management of soybean
When the first compound leaf of soybean unfolds, carry out deep loosening; when the plant height reaches 25-30 cm, carry out the second ridging. Generally, for medium-fertility plots under three-ridge cultivation, use 25-35 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 150-225 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 50-75 kg of potassium fertilizer. When using dense planting cultivation, increase the fertilizer amount by 10-15%. At the early flowering stage of soybean, use 1.5 kg of monopotassium phosphate per hectare, dissolve it in 200 kg of water, and spray it.
4. Pest and disease control and weeding management of soybean
Before the first compound leaf of soybean, weed and loosen the surface soil. When the seedlings are 10 cm high, carry out the second intertillage. Ten days later, carry out the third deep ploughing. If chemical agents are used for weeding, special attention must be paid to phytotoxicity to subsequent crops.
During the planting period, pay attention to soybean pod borer, aphids, red spider mites, gray leaf spot and stem break disease, etc. It is best to carry out prevention and control in advance, apply different agents for different conditions, and the application amount of the agent should be determined according to the situation.
Soybean planting is actually not very difficult. Once you have mastered the planting and management techniques, there is nothing to fear. When planting, choose varieties with strong disease resistance and high yield, and also pay attention to changes in market conditions.