What issues should be paid attention to during the cultivation of perilla?
Perilla is used very widely in our daily life, and it is cultivated in many places in our country. Some people even grow one or two plants in a flowerpot on their own balcony, which is both attractive and practical. So what issues should be paid attention to during the cultivation of perilla?
1. Soil conditions
Perilla has a very strong ability to adapt to the growing environment, but the choice of planting site is a basic condition for high yields of perilla, so we can choose the soil most suitable for its growth according to the growth habits of perilla. It is best to choose sandy soil or loam soil with sufficient light, rich organic matter, and a well-developed drainage and irrigation system. What must be noted is not to plant it in soil with very heavy clay, because then perilla will grow very poorly.
2. Temperature control
In fact, the perilla we see also has quite good cold resistance, but perilla is actually a warmth-loving plant. Although it can grow at lower temperatures, both its growth speed and the quality of the perilla will not be very good. In order to improve the yield and quality of perilla, we need to manage the field temperature during cultivation. The most suitable temperature for perilla growth is around 16-22 degrees. It can tolerate low temperatures, but the temperature must not be lower than 1 degree, otherwise it will stop growing or even freeze to death.
3. Sowing time
Perilla is usually sown around March or April in spring. At this time, the temperature begins to rise and there is sufficient rain, which meets the requirements for perilla growth, so the seedling emergence rate is very high. When sowing, we also need to pay attention to the sowing method. The most common methods are broadcasting and drilling. For broadcasting, what should be noted is that the scattered seeds should be gently pressed into the soil, and they should be scattered relatively evenly; otherwise, seedling emergence will be uneven, which increases the intensity of later management work. For drilling, what should be noted is trenching. The spacing between empty rows of each trench should be about 20-25cm, which makes later field operations convenient.
4. Fertilizer and water management
The roots, stems, and leaves of perilla can all be used as medicine. Our main purpose is to promote the growth of the whole plant, and the most important fertilization for perilla is base fertilizer, mainly farmyard rotted manure, while later topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer. During its entire growth process, topdressing generally needs to be carried out two to three times, mainly according to the growth of the perilla seedlings, to increase the yield of perilla. Next, what should be noted is water management. After sowing, water once, and the soil must be watered thoroughly. Then, after perilla emerges, water once. Then, after transplanting, water once. Finally, water and drain according to the water needs of perilla and the rainfall conditions.
5. Pest and disease control
The most common disease of perilla is rust, which is a fungal disease caused by excessive water in the field and failure to drain it in time. It mainly harms the leaves of perilla, but the plant will also be affected by the disease, eventually turning yellow and gradually rotting, and it is highly contagious. Therefore, in the early stage of the disease, diseased plants need to be pulled out in time and disinfected. Finally, use disodium edetate and 0.2—0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture for control. Its most common insect pests include beetles, moths, and stem borers. For these relatively common pests, we can use dimethoate EC, trichlorfon, and sumithion respectively for control.
The above is Tuliu.com's introduction to the precautions for perilla cultivation. Friends who intend to grow it can refer to the above.