How much does a jin of cucumber cost? Detailed explanation of the key points of pollution-free cultivation techniques
Cucumbers are not only rich in nutrients, but also have a distinctive flavor whether eaten raw or stir-fried, and are therefore deeply favored by consumers. The price of cucumbers on the market varies greatly, and it is especially expensive when it is not the cucumber-eating season. So roughly how much is a jin of cucumber? Attached key points of pollution-free cultivation techniques.
I. Roughly how much is a jin of cucumber?
The market price of cucumber is around 4 yuan to 6 yuan per jin. Each region will also have certain differences in the pricing of cucumbers, and there are also many cucumber varieties, with different varieties also showing certain price differences.
II. Pollution-free cultivation techniques for cucumber
(I) Sowing and raising seedlings
1. Seed germination
Before sowing, choose a sunny day and sun the seeds for 1-2d, soak the seeds in warm water at 55°C, stirring continuously for 8-10min, then lower the temperature to 28-30°C, continue soaking for 4-12h, then place the seeds in a germination box (25-30°C) to germinate; when the cucumber seed sprouts reach 0.3cm they are ready.
2. Seedling-raising substrate
Generally, 50-cell plug trays are used (560mm×330mm×5.5mm); each 667m2 of cultivation field requires 70-80 50-cell seedling plug trays, and Pindstrup seedling substrate (imported from Denmark) or special organic nutrient substrate for vegetable seedling raising can also be purchased. One substrate formula used in production by this research group is sawdust v:peat v:mushroom residue v=6:3:1, chicken manure 20g; after mixing evenly, pile up the seedling substrate, cover with plastic film and seal for 5-7d, then spread it out to air and dry, and after the pesticide smell has dissipated, load it into the plug trays.
3. Raising seedlings at the right time
Before sowing, water the seedling substrate evenly and thoroughly; when sowing, make a 1cm deep hole in the center of the plug tray, place the germinated seed flat into the hole, one seed per cell, then cover with vermiculite (0-3mm) and scrape level. After the seeds are sown, arrange the plug trays neatly on the seedling bed and promptly cover with a layer of plastic film, and cover with a small arch shed film to help keep warm and moist.
(II) Field management
1. Management before planting
From the appearance of the first true leaf to the 4-5 true leaf stage before planting is the period of cucumber flower bud differentiation and the period that lays the foundation for early yield; the temperature management adopted in this period is a nighttime temperature of 12-15°C to stimulate female flower bud differentiation. Before planting, it is necessary to first ensure that the coconut coir substrate is moist, and choose to plant on a sunny afternoon, avoiding the high-temperature period, which is beneficial for seedling recovery.
2. Planting
Note that when planting, use your hands to pull open the hole, place flat, and surround the cucumber with coconut coir; do not press with your hands, to prevent damage to the cucumber stem and roots. In spring, choose to plant around February 22, and in autumn plant before August 8. After spring planting, keep the greenhouse closed for 5d to promote seedling recovery. In autumn, adjust appropriately according to temperature after 3d. When the indoor temperature reaches 32°C, begin ventilation, and control the nighttime temperature at around 15°C. After September in autumn, the temperature difference is relatively large, so ventilation should be reduced, and after entering October, pay attention to keeping warm.
3. Temperature management after planting
After planting, the day-night temperature difference during the seedling stage should not be too large; higher temperatures are beneficial for seedling recovery, generally 25-28°C during the day and around 20°C at night. After seedling recovery, control the growth temperature according to different growth stages. At the early flowering stage, the day-night temperature difference needs to be gradually widened, with 25-28°C during the day and 16-18°C at night. At the early fruiting stage, control it at 25-26°C during the day, and not lower than 16°C at night. At the full fruiting stage, control the daytime temperature at 26-28°C, and at night not lower than 15°C.
4. Light management after planting
For the early spring crop, because light in the solar greenhouse is insufficient, reflective screens can be hung on the back wall and both side walls when conditions permit, to increase light intensity; by June, as the temperature continues to rise, cover with shade netting or turn on fans and wet pads from 11:00-15:00 on sunny days to adjust temperature and light. For the autumn delayed crop, because light during the seedling stage is relatively strong, shade netting should be timely covered at noon on sunny days (adjust according to local climatic conditions), or fans and wet pads should be turned on, to reduce light intensity and promote seedling recovery.
5. Water and fertilizer management
After planting in coconut coir soilless cultivation, use cucumber-specific A1 and B water-soluble fertilizers from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, and control EC (soluble ion concentration) and pH well. Before planting, control the EC value at 2.3ms·cm-1 and pH at 6.4; irrigate from 08:30-16:30, with an interval of 2h, cycling 3-4 times a day, 5min each time, to prevent the coconut coir from becoming too dry. If planting in the morning, shade is needed at noon. Within 1 week after planting, irrigate from 08:30-16:30, with an interval of 1.15h, cycling 7-8 times a day, irrigating 8-9 times. In coconut coir cultivation of cucumber, control the EC value at 2.8ms·cm-1 before fruiting. Flowering should reach 7 leaves. Control the pH of the irrigation solution at 5.0-5.5, and the EC value at 1.8-2.0ms·cm-1; in the early planting period, autumn delayed cultivation is 8-10 times (85-100mL per time), and early spring cultivation is 6-8 times; from the flowering stage to the fruiting stage, use A1+A2 and B fertilizers, with the irrigation solution pH at 5.0-5.5 and the EC value at 2.5-2.8ms·cm-1; start irrigation 1-2h after sunrise, and stop irrigation 1-2H before sunset. Under sunny conditions, the daily irrigation and fertilization amount per plant is 1000-1500mL, and it should be reasonably adjusted according to different weather conditions; on cloudy and rainy days, the irrigation interval can be correspondingly lengthened and the number of irrigations reduced. When the temperature is relatively high on sunny days, the irrigation interval can be shortened and the number of irrigations increased, so as to meet the crop growth requirements under different climatic and weather conditions.
From the fruiting stage to the full fruiting stage, use A1, A2, and B fertilizers (adjust A1 and A2 fertilizers according to growth conditions); in the process of gradually shifting from the fruiting stage to the full fruiting stage, the irrigation and fertilization amount as well as the fertilizer concentration need to be constantly changed and adjusted. In the early period, the irrigation pH is 5.0-5.5, and the EC value is 2.8-3.0; the irrigation method is the same as from the flowering stage to the fruiting stage, and the irrigation amount each time is correspondingly increased, with 1800-2500mL per plant per day. In the full fruiting stage, the irrigation and fertilization pH is 5.0-5.5, the EC value is 2.8-3.2, and the irrigation amount is 2000-2500mL, still starting irrigation 1-2h after sunrise and stopping irrigation 1-2h before sunset; in cold seasons the EC value can be appropriately increased, and in hot weather appropriately reduced.
During field management, it is necessary to measure the total amount, EC value, and pH of the irrigation solution and drainage solution at the end or before the start of irrigation each day, and it is necessary to ensure that the daily irrigation outflow accounts for 25%-35% of the total irrigation amount. When the crop growth is relatively weak, fruit-setting ability is weak, leaves are large, and vegetative organs grow vigorously, the day-night temperature difference can be appropriately widened.
(III) Plant adjustment
When the cucumber plant grows to 6-7 leaves, promptly wind the plant around the hanging string, generally once every 2-3d. Do not keep fruit on the 1st-4th nodes of the main stem, so as to promote vegetative growth; this cucumber variety has strong fruiting ability and requires flower and fruit thinning during the growth process.
(IV) Pest and disease control
Adopt the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive control”; for agricultural control, give priority to disease-resistant varieties; for physical control, set up insect-proof net isolation layers (mesh diameter 0.4mm) at each ventilation position on the inner side of the solar greenhouse, compact the insect-proof net at the place where the front roof of the greenhouse meets the ground with soil, and set double-layer insect-proof nets at the greenhouse door. Before planting, adopt measures such as chemical disinfection of the greenhouse and hanging yellow and blue boards in the cultivation rows, give priority to biological control (releasing Encarsia formosa), and carry out chemical control reasonably and scientifically. The main diseases that occur include downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold, and bacterial diseases; the insect pests include aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and so on.