Detailed Introduction to the Cultivation Methods of Oriental Lilies
The Oriental lily (perfume lily) is one of the ten most popular cut flowers in the world today. Because of its beautiful flower shape, bright colors, and rich fragrance, it is an ideal material for gift bouquets, flower baskets, and artistic flower arrangements. Since China's reform and opening up, it has developed rapidly, especially in recent years, as the use of fresh flowers in China has increased sharply, its planting area has continued to expand, and the Oriental lily has become an indispensable type of cut flower. The cultivation techniques are introduced below
I. Site Selection, Bed Preparation, and Disinfection
(1) Site Selection
Because Oriental lily bulbs degenerate very quickly and have strict requirements for the cultivation environment, suitable growing areas are hard to find. Therefore, the choice of planting site is also of utmost importance. The Oriental lily prefers a cool, humid climate and a semi-shaded environment. The soil should be deep, loose, well-drained, rich in humus, and slightly acidic.
(2) Bed Preparation
The bed surface is generally prepared to a width of 1-1.2 m and a height of 25-30 cm, with a ditch width of 40 cm between beds. Before preparing the beds, apply 1-1.3 tonnes of humus soil or pig manure per simple greenhouse (30 m x 7.5 m), sprinkle 2 kg of carbofuran or phoxim (used to kill underground pests), water to loosen the soil, and mix thoroughly.
(3) Disinfection
Because Oriental lilies are highly susceptible to stem rot, Phytophthora blight, leaf blight, and gray mold, prevention should be the main approach, starting with proper soil management. The commonly used methods are steam disinfection and chemical disinfection.
1. Steam disinfection involves burying heat-resistant plastic pipes with small holes 30 cm below the bed surface, covering the bed surface with film, then introducing steam and continuing fumigation for 1 hour.
2. Chemical disinfection generally uses 40% formalin diluted into a 1:50 solution sprinkled over the bed surface, with a dosage of 25-30 kg. After sprinkling, cover with plastic film for 2 days, then uncover the film and air-dry for 10 days. Planting can only be done after the chemical vapor has completely dissipated.
II. Cultivation Management
(1) Bulb Treatment
Before planting, pick the bulbs out of the bulb boxes, handling them gently to prevent breaking the sprouts. At the same time, check the bulb quality and remove unqualified bulbs such as those with broken or rotten sprouts, or rotten scales or basal plates. Soak the bulbs in a 500-800 times solution of fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, or carbendazim for 15-20 minutes.
(2) Planting Time
In order to bloom at Spring Festival and Valentine's Day, planting should generally be done in mid-October and early November. It is best to plant before 10 a.m. or after 4 p.m.
(3) Planting Density and Depth
Generally, the plant spacing is 10-15 cm and the row spacing is 15-18 cm. For depth, plant about 6-8 cm above the sprout point. After planting, cover the surface with a layer of sawdust and fallen leaves, cover well with a shade net, and water thoroughly.
(4) Keep Good Labels and Records
After planting, labels should also be made, noting the specifications and planting date. Hang two thermohygrometers in each greenhouse, one at the front and one in the middle, and keep a record book. Observe the thermohygrometers three times a day and keep good records.
Note: It is strictly forbidden to splash fertilizer onto the leaves. If fertilizer is accidentally splashed onto the leaves, rinse quickly with clean water to avoid burning the leaves and affecting quality.
(5) Temperature Management
The maximum temperature must not exceed 30C, and the minimum must not be lower than 5C. The optimum soil temperature is 12C-15C. If it exceeds 18C or falls below 10C, it is unfavorable for the roots. After rooting, the temperature can be increased, maintaining 18-25C during the day and 12-18C at night. If the daytime temperature is too high, it will reduce plant height, decrease the number of flower buds per stem, and produce a large number of blind flowers. If the nighttime temperature is below 12C, it will cause bud drop or leaf yellowing, reducing ornamental value.
(6) Light Management
The flower bud development of Oriental lilies especially requires sufficient light conditions, but excessively high temperatures will burn the leaves and reduce the ornamental effect.
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