Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Protected Grape Cultivation

Choose fertile sandy loam soil with good texture, deep soil layer, and easy drainage and irrigation to build the greenhouse. The construction site also requires being sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with no tall shading objects, and convenient transportation. The orientation of the greenhouse should be extended from the southeast, facing south with the back to the north, with a maximum deviation to the east or west of no more than 10° as appropriate. After the greenhouse is built, plant grape seedlings, and once planted, carry out fertilization, watering, pruning, and pest and disease control.

1. Greenhouse construction: It is best to choose fertile sandy loam soil with good texture, deep soil layer, and easy drainage and irrigation for construction. The construction site also requires being sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with no tall shading objects nearby, and convenient transportation. The orientation of the greenhouse should be extended from the southeast, facing south with the back to the north, with a maximum deviation to the east or west of no more than 10° as appropriate. After the greenhouse is built, plant grape seedlings.

2. Fertilizer and water: Apply base fertilizer in winter when leaves fall or before budding. Before flowering, in the early stage of young fruit growth, and when the fruit begins to color, apply additional fertilizer as appropriate based on the loss of soil fertility and the growth of the grapes. Keep the soil moist before flowering; do not water during the flowering period. After fruit set until before fruit coloring, a large amount of water is needed. After the berries color and soften, control watering. After harvest, combine with autumn fertilization and irrigate thoroughly once.

3. Pruning: During the growing season, thin the flower clusters, trim the fruit clusters, tie the vines, remove tendrils, pinch the tips, thin out secondary clusters, and shorten and trim the cluster tips, etc. For winter pruning, keep long canes on strong vines and short canes on weak vines, keep long canes on the upper part and short canes on the lower part.

4. Pests and diseases: The main diseases include black spot disease, downy mildew, anthracnose, powdery mildew, water pot disease, etc. The main pests include two-spotted leafhopper, red spider mite, soft scale, etc. They should be controlled promptly.