A Detailed Guide to Brazilian Mushroom Cultivation Techniques, Cultivation Methods and Management Key Points

To cultivate Brazilian mushrooms, cultivation raw materials need to be prepared, mainly rice straw, cottonseed hulls, cow dung, phosphate fertilizer, wheat bran, clean water, etc. Then they are combined according to proportions and subjected to secondary fermentation, and all the culture material is placed into the mushroom house for spawning. During the growth period of Brazilian mushrooms, temperature management needs to be strengthened, and the work after fruiting cannot be neglected either.

Brazilian Mushroom Cultivation Techniques

1. Composting of the culture material. (1) Cultivation raw materials. Formula One: rice straw 42%, cottonseed hulls 42%, cow dung 7%, wheat bran 6%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, plus water equal to 70% of the total raw materials. Formula Two: rice straw 375 kg, rice bran 10 kg, chicken manure 15 kg, calcium carbonate 8 kg, water 700-800 kg. (2) Composting. Generally, composting is carried out about 20 days before spawning of the almond mushroom. Generally, the first turning is carried out on the 4th day after stacking, and phosphate fertilizer is added at the same time.

2. Secondary fermentation. Adjust the water content of the culture material to about 70% and transport it to the mushroom house or mushroom shed, put it on shelves or spread it on beds. The thickness of the culture material is about 20 cm.

3. Spawning. After secondary fermentation is completed, wait until the material temperature drops below 25°C before spawning. Break the spawn into pieces the size of an egg, and dig inoculation holes about 10 cm deep in the culture material, digging one inoculation hole every 20 cm. For the inoculation amount, use 3 bottles of spawn with a volume of 750 ml per 3.3 sq m; the inoculation amount is about 6% of the dry material. Finally, scatter a layer of spawn on the surface of the material.

4. Casing soil. 15-10 days after spawning, when the mycelium spreads and grows 3-5 cm around the inoculation holes, cover with paddy field soil. When applying the casing soil, adjust the soil to semi-dry and semi-moist, with no white core in the middle, pH 7.0-8.0, approximately alkaline, then spray a round of fine water on the surface of the culture material, and then apply the casing soil. The casing soil thickness is about 3.3-3.5 cm.

5. Management before fruiting. Control the temperature at 20-27°C, keep the humidity at about 75%, and keep the material surface moist.

6. Fruiting management. About 20 days after inoculation, strengthen heat preservation, with the temperature at 18-21°C, and increase humidity so that the water content of the soil layer is 55%-65% and the relative air humidity is 85%-95%, but avoid spraying water directly onto the bed surface, so as to avoid causing dead mushrooms and rotten mushrooms.