Detailed Explanation of Ruby Grape Cultivation Techniques and Management Key Points
Prepare a piece of slightly alkaline sandy soil, deep plow and fertilize, dig planting holes about 30-40cm, then plant the seedlings into the holes and cover with soil. After planting, insert stakes and use single-dragon-trunk pruning to let them climb and grow along the stakes. After flowering and fruiting, do a good job of flower and fruit thinning, water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control, and other basic management tasks, and you will be able to harvest grapes.
What are the precautions for planting Ruby grapes?
1. Raising temperature to promote sprouting
The natural dormancy period of Ruby grapes generally ends after about 2 months. At this point, the straw curtains can be lifted to raise the temperature and promote sprouting, that is, lift the straw curtains at 11 a.m. and cover them again at 4-5 p.m., so as to promote a gradual increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse. Temperature-raising to promote sprouting generally takes 30-40 days before the buds can germinate.
2. Regulation during the sprouting period
Under normal temperatures and without the invasion of major cold waves, the growth period from sprouting to flowering is 40-45 days. Controlling the temperature well during this period is extremely important for early harvesting of the fruit. From sprouting to before flowering, the new shoots of Ruby grapes grow relatively quickly, and the inflorescence organs continue to differentiate.
Under normal room temperature conditions, it takes about 40 days from sprouting to flowering. During the sprouting period, the daytime room temperature should be controlled at 20-28°C, and the nighttime temperature should be kept at 15-18°C; during the flowering period, the daytime room temperature should be kept at 20-25°C, not exceeding 28°C, and the nighttime temperature should be kept at 16-18°C. During this period, when the daytime temperature reaches 27°C, ventilation should be used to lower the temperature so that it remains around 25°C. If the temperature is high from sprouting to flowering, the time from sprouting to flowering is shortened, but excessive vegetative growth is likely to occur, the branches become thin and weak, inflorescence differentiation is poor, and the inflorescences are small, affecting yield. If the temperature is too high during the flowering period, the fruit-setting rate decreases, flower and fruit drop is serious, and leaves are prone to yellowing and falling off.
The focus of temperature management during this period is to ensure that the nighttime temperature is 16-18°C and to control the daytime temperature at 20-25°C, not exceeding 27°C. On sunny days, pay attention to ventilation for cooling. On cloudy days, while ensuring temperature, ventilate as much as possible to lower the temperature and prevent excessive vegetative growth of the plants. During the sprouting period, the indoor humidity should be controlled at around 85%. During the flowering period, the indoor air humidity should preferably be controlled at around 65%.
3. Time to remove the film
Generally, the film is covered before the first frost arrives to protect the leaves of Ruby grapes, extend the time for leaf photosynthesis, and allow the fruit and vines to mature better. Because climate conditions vary from place to place, the times for removing and covering the film differ. Film removal is generally carried out after the late frost has passed and when the open-field temperature has stabilized above 20°C, which is in early to mid-July.
4. Heating to promote sprouting
To shorten the sprouting promotion time, heating to promote sprouting is started early after New Year's Day, so as to advance the time when fresh fruit reaches the market. In the 1st week of heating, maintain 15-20°C during the day and 5-10°C at night; in the 2nd week, maintain 15-20°C during the day and 10-15°C at night; in the 3rd week, maintain 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C at night; in the 4th week, maintain 25-28°C during the day and 13-15°C at night; in the 5th week, maintain 25-28°C during the day and 13-15°C at night; in the 6th week, maintain 25-28°C during the day and 13-15°C at night, and by February 25 the buds have all sprouted. The heating time is generally two and a half months.
5. Berry enlargement period
To promote the rapid enlargement of young fruit, the daytime temperature inside is controlled at 28-30°C, while the nighttime temperature is still maintained at 18-22°C. At this time, the outdoor temperature is already high, so pay attention to ventilation so that the daytime temperature inside the greenhouse does not exceed 30°C. After the late frost has passed and the open-field temperature has stabilized above 20°C, the film along the edges of the greenhouse can be removed so that the climate conditions inside become similar to those in the open field. During the berry ripening period, to increase the nutritional accumulation of the tree and raise the sugar content, the day-night temperature difference can be increased, with the daytime temperature still controlled at 28-30°C, not exceeding 32°C, and the nighttime temperature gradually dropping to 15-16°C or a bit lower.
The above is the relevant introduction to Ruby grape cultivation techniques. I hope it is helpful to everyone.