Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Three-Leaf Akebia Planting Technology
To plant three-leaf akebia, you must first select a site, then intercrop and mulch to prevent excessive and rapid evaporation of water. Carry out fertilization, pruning, and pest and disease control. Harvest after the fruit ripens, preferably when it is unruptured or slightly ruptured.
1. Site selection
Three-leaf akebia fruit is best planted in places with convenient transportation, which makes management and product transport easier. For the soil, choose a shallow-rooted tree species of the Akebia genus, with no main root and particularly well-developed lateral roots. Choose soil pH from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, and the topsoil should contain more humus. Do not establish an orchard in places with pollution sources such as waste gas, wastewater, and waste residue! This helps meet green and organic food standards.
Three-leaf akebia fruit likes light and calcium. Generally choose open terrain, a wind-sheltered and sunny sandy loam or medium loam, preferably; waterlogged land is unsuitable, and low-lying land where drainage is poor or narrow mountain gullies with insufficient light are unsuitable for establishing an orchard. There should be a water source nearby. This helps with drought resistance during dry periods. Loose-textured soil with strong water and fertilizer retention, good aeration, and a thicker soil layer allows August melon to grow quickly, with high yield, good quality, and lower production cost.
2. Intercropping and mulching
Three-leaf akebia has relatively strong drought resistance, but young trees are not very drought-tolerant because their root systems have not yet fully formed and absorb little, while fruit growth requires the absorption of a large amount of water. Intercropping and mulching are effective methods to improve the drought resistance of three-leaf akebia, and intercropping can obtain early economic benefits from the forest land. Generally, between the rows of young trees, beans, vegetables, and melons can be intercropped, and leaves, straw, and weeds can also be spread over the tree disks. Through intercropping and mulching, the surface temperature can be lowered, excessive and rapid evaporation of water can be prevented, and farmers' income can be increased.
3. Fertilization
Rotted pig manure, cattle manure, horse manure, and cake fertilizer 2000kg*667m2, urea (N47.5%) 19kg*667m-2, calcium magnesium phosphate (P12%) 3.6kg*667m2, potassium sulfate (k50%) 40kg*667m2, mix with soil and then apply in furrows.
4. Training and pruning
According to the biological characteristics of three-leaf akebia and the degree of intensive cultivation, the tree shape of three-leaf akebia is suitable for an open-layered form, and for three-leaf akebia fruit trees with a relatively open canopy and not-too-tall tree body, the natural open-center form should be dominant.
For pruning three-leaf akebia, the purpose of pruning is to maintain the tree shape, promote fruiting, and increase yield. Summer pruning can remove useless sprouts and shoots during the growing season, or pinch the tips of overly vigorous new shoots to promote tree formation. Pruning during the winter dormant period should properly handle the relationship among scaffold branches, fruiting branch groups, and water sprouts, and diseased branches and insect-damaged branches should also be cut off.
5. Techniques for protecting flowers and fruits
The main diseases of three-leaf akebia are anthracnose, angular leaf spot, round leaf spot, and leaf blight, etc. The pests include the three-leaf akebia tip hawk moth, tea tussock moth, scarab beetle, trunk-boring longhorn beetle, cottony cushion scale, aphids, red spider mites, etc.
The early flower and fruit drop of three-leaf akebia can be caused by factors such as pests and diseases or abnormal climate changes, and more importantly, physiological fruit drop caused by the physiological imbalance of three-leaf akebia itself. The first physiological fruit drop of three-leaf akebia generally occurs in early June, and the second fruit drop occurs in July. There are many factors causing physiological fruit drop, mainly due to insufficient nutrition, excessive fertilizer and water in the early stage or excessive pruning, insufficient soil moisture or drastic changes, poor pollination, and other factors. The protection of flowers and fruits of three-leaf akebia mainly includes the following aspects.
6. Pest and disease control
For the three-leaf akebia tip hawk moth, the chemotaxis of adults can be used, using black light lamps or sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: water = 3:1:6), plus a small amount of trichlorfon stomach poison, to trap and kill adults. During the larval damage period, spray 20% fenpropathrin-malathion mixture 2000 times liquid.
The tea tussock moth occurs 2 generations per year, overwintering as larvae in cocoons in trunk cracks. After three-leaf akebia sprouts, they climb the tree and cause damage. The second-generation larvae cause damage from August to September. When they are young larvae, spray 10% cypermethrin EC 3000 times liquid.
For scarab beetles, use black light lamps to trap and kill adults on stuffy hot days. In the evening, spray 20% fenpropathrin EC 3000 times for control.
The white cottony cushion scale occurs 2 to 4 generations per year. During the nymph stage in May to June or September to October, spray 40~6 omethoate 1000 times or 2.5% deltamethrin 2500 times or 20% fenvalerate-malathion EC 2500 times. During the adult stage, spray 40% methidathion EC 1500 times or apply is% aldicarb systemic granules by burying.
For red spider mites, spray 5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture in winter. During the damage period, use so% bromopropylate EC 2500 times, or i5% pyridaben EC 3000 times, or 5% hexythiazox EC 3000 times for control.
7. Harvest
After the fruit cracks, it is not easy to harvest, store, or transport, so it is best to harvest when it is unruptured or slightly ruptured. Generally, the fruit matures from late August to early October and should be harvested in time.