Greenhouse Growing Techniques Explained: Methods and Key Points Fully Analyzed

Greenhouse growing is a common technique for cultivating vegetables and fruits. Generally, greenhouse vegetables and fruits use a structural frame mainly made of bamboo and steel, which is then covered with one or more layers of insulating plastic film, and such a simple structure creates a complete greenhouse space. The plastic film can effectively prevent the loss of carbon dioxide produced during the growth of vegetables or fruits, so as to achieve the insulation effect required inside the greenhouse.

High-Yield Greenhouse Vegetable Growing Techniques

1. Land Leveling and Fertilizing

Greenhouse vegetable growing has relatively high requirements, whether in terms of soil quality or fertilizer management, and must be approached from a scientific angle. The vegetable land chosen for planting must be level and fine, and before planting the land must be turned over, fertilized, weeded, and so on. Because the temperature inside the greenhouse differs to some extent from that outside, fertilizer must be applied in appropriate amounts to avoid soil deterioration caused by excessive fertilization. Appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer.

2. Greenhouse Structure

Generally, choose a greenhouse span of 8-12 m and a greenhouse length of 60-120 m, with earth walls on three sides and three rows of upright posts, and on the posts it is best to use bamboo or steel upright frames. Cover the greenhouse surface with drip-free film to increase the temperature inside the greenhouse.

3. Variety Selection

It is best to choose varieties that can tolerate low temperatures, have low light requirements, are strongly resistant, tolerate high humidity, have high yields, and have short growing times. Only greenhouse vegetables with high yields and good quality can meet market demand and improve economic returns. For example, grow cucumber, tomato, green pepper, and so on.

4. Temperature and Humidity Control

During the growing process of greenhouse vegetables, because the greenhouse is enclosed, some harmful substances are easily produced. Therefore, greenhouse air must be properly controlled and reasonably used. In the morning, CO gas fertilizer should be appropriately supplemented to promote vegetable growth. At noon, when the temperature is relatively high, appropriately open the ventilation openings to exchange the air and avoid harmful gases damaging the vegetables.

Choose greenhouse vegetables that are mainly warm-loving types for planting, with an optimal temperature of 25℃-33℃; the maximum survival temperature must not exceed 44°, and the minimum must not be below 0°.

5. Drip Irrigation Under Film

Water evaporation and diffusion in the greenhouse are relatively slow. This method of drip irrigation under film can not only greatly improve the environment inside the greenhouse, but also keep humidity within the normal range, maintain the temperature inside the greenhouse, reduce the incidence of disease, and increase vegetable yields.

6. Pest and Disease Control

Because vegetables are prone to pests during growth, the main control method is spraying chemicals to eliminate insects. Common pests include cutworms, aphids, and so on. Generally, choose agents containing copper and zinc; such chemicals can not only provide powerful sterilization, but also increase the resistance of vegetables, effectively promote crop growth, maintain a good ecological environment, and reduce humidity.

Soil-borne bacteria are serious pathogens. If they are not well controlled in the early stage, the growing vegetables will be contaminated by the pathogens. Therefore, attention must be paid to prevention at the seedling stage, using physical control methods such as deep plowing and deep turning, variety selection, and so on. When diseases of varying degrees appear, treat according to the symptoms and apply chemicals scientifically.

Because the greenhouse is not open-air, controlling temperature and humidity is most important. In addition, using scientific management methods can allow vegetables to grow better.