Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Greenhouse Grape Cultivation

For greenhouse grape cultivation, choose varieties with strong productivity, high temperature tolerance, and disease resistance for sowing. After sowing, transplanting is needed; select healthy and vigorous cuttings for transplanting, and the transplanting method is the same as conventional tree planting. After the seedlings survive transplanting, shaping and pruning are needed, along with strengthened fertilizer and water management. In the later stage, it is necessary to do a good job of controlling temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, timely watering and topdressing, and strengthening pest and disease control.

Key Techniques for Greenhouse Grape Cultivation

1. Variety Selection

Choose varieties with strong productivity, high temperature tolerance, good storage and transport tolerance, a short dormancy period, a short fruit development period, early maturity, moderate growth, and disease resistance, such as Kyoho and others.

2. Transplanting and Orchard Establishment

Select healthy and vigorous cuttings, requiring more than 20 main and lateral roots, root length above 15 cm, stem diameter above 1 cm, and 4-6 plump buds. Transplanting density varies depending on variety, site conditions, training method, seedling resources, and many other conditions. Generally, for trellis training, the row spacing and plant spacing are 1.2-1.5 m × 0.5 m, with about 1000 plants transplanted per mu. Before transplanting, apply sufficient base fertilizer; only by establishing the orchard to high standards can high benefits be obtained. The transplanting method is the same as conventional tree planting.

3. Management in the Same Year

Shaping and pruning: Because greenhouse grape cultivation has a high planting density, it is very different from traditional pruning methods. Generally, the single dragon trunk pruning method is used, that is, after the transplanted seedlings sprout, only 1 main vine is retained.

Strengthen fertilizer and water management: After the seedlings survive, timely apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to promote seedling growth; in autumn, it is advisable to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and at the same time carry out foliar spraying, paying attention to applying small amounts multiple times. Starting in September, apply base fertilizer early. During the growing season, water promptly in case of drought, and also pay attention to drainage during the rainy season. In addition, do a good job of pest and disease control.

4. Temperature and Humidity Management in the Greenhouse

Generally, before raising the temperature, irrigate thoroughly once along the rows, cover with plastic film to preserve soil moisture, and then raise the temperature. For the air humidity in the greenhouse, from covering to sprouting, the relative humidity should be controlled at about 90%; from sprouting to before flowering, control it at 60-70%; from the flowering stage to the fruit enlargement stage, control it at 50-60%; afterward until the harvest stage, 50% is appropriate.

5. Pest and Disease Control

Grape pests and diseases in the greenhouse are relatively mild, but they cannot be ignored. Integrated control should be carried out. After leaf fall, in combination with winter pruning, cut off pest- and disease-infected branches and dead branches, and clear away fallen leaves and weeds in the orchard to reduce the overwintering base of pests and diseases. The main diseases are grape ripe rot, powdery mildew, brown spot, gray mold, and others.