Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Greenhouse Cultivation of Wood Ear Mushrooms
Wood ear mushroom is a dish that everyone often eats. It can be cooked with meat or as a vegetarian dish, and it has high nutritional value. It also has effects such as replenishing qi and nourishing blood, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, stopping bleeding, lowering blood pressure, and fighting cancer. Below, the editor will share with everyone the techniques for greenhouse cultivation of wood ear mushrooms.
1. Greenhouse construction and disinfection
First build the greenhouse frame, then lay 1 layer of new bricks on the ground inside the greenhouse, with the bricks about 6cm thick. Before hanging the bags in three dimensions, first use a 10% concentration caustic soda supernatant liquid to evenly spray and disinfect once the ground inside the greenhouse, the surroundings, and the plastic sheeting on the greenhouse.
2. Hanging the bags
The fungus bags begin to enter the greenhouse, allowing the mycelium injured in the bag material during transport to heal and rejuvenate again. After the mycelium has fully grown through the bag, increase light for 3~5d to induce the formation of wood ear mushroom fruiting bodies. When brown grain-like ear bases appear on the material bags, lift the material bags by hand and place them into a 0.2% carbendazim or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, rotating them several times for surface disinfection.
When the greenhouse temperature reaches 15°C and the mycelium on the surface of the fungus bags has all turned white, the fungus bags can be opened for ear cultivation. Choose the small-hole punching ear production technique. When purchasing a small-hole punching machine, pay attention to the quality of the cutting head; its quality directly affects the speed of ear emergence, the contamination rate, and quality. After punching, hang the material bags on the ear racks, with a spacing of 10~15cm between bags. Cut the openings and hang the bags as you go.
3. Mid- and late-stage management
During mid- and late-stage management, an alternating dry and wet environment should be formed. It takes about 7 days from primordium formation to ear buds growing out of the bag. In dry seasons, the ear buds in the upper part of the fungus bags and in the fungus bags near the outer surroundings of the greenhouse will dry and curl. These areas need more spraying and frequent spraying. At low temperatures, in the lower and middle parts of the hanging bags, accumulated water can cause ear rot and contamination by miscellaneous fungi, so spray less water or do not spray water.
When the daytime temperature reaches 25°C, open all the plastic film and shade netting around the greenhouse and on the roof, and extend the nighttime watering time. When the temperature reaches 27°C, ventilation inside the greenhouse must be increased, sufficient direct light must be added, watering must stop during the day, and natural temperatures are lowest in the second half of the night. If cool water is continuously applied, the inside of the fungus bags will be highly humid and low-temperature, spores will not be easily ejected, and the ear pieces will become darker and thicker.
4. Disease control
When the ear buds grow to 1.5cm, every 4d evenly spray the fruiting bodies once with a 0.3% concentration salt solution or, in combination with watering, a bleaching powder solution (the ratio should follow China's drinking water standards), to delay the ejection of wood ear mushroom spores, prevent flowing ears and ear rot, nematode occurrence, and mold infection, and increase the thickness and glossiness of the wood ear mushrooms.
5. Harvesting
When a white powdery layer appears on the underside of the ear pieces, and they have basically unfolded and become soft, stop watering for one week to allow the ear roots to shrink. When the ear pieces have fully unfolded and grown to a diameter of 2.5~3cm, they can be harvested in a concentrated manner. Harvesting ear pieces that are too large is prohibited. Harvesting should adhere to picking the large and leaving the small. If the ear pieces are uniform in size, they can be harvested all at once. After harvesting, stop watering, and continue spraying water after new ear buds form. Generally, each batch of material can be harvested for 2~3 flushes.
The most important thing in greenhouse cultivation of wood ear mushrooms is disinfection inside the greenhouse. Thorough disinfection can avoid the influence of miscellaneous fungi on the survival rate of wood ear mushroom mycelium. The above is an introduction to greenhouse cultivation of wood ear mushrooms. I hope it can help everyone.