What are the main uses of the pesticide 3911?
Pesticide 3911, also known as phorate or "Ximeituo" (Western demeton), is a transparent, oily liquid with a slight odor. It belongs to the list of pesticides whose use is restricted on crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, tea and Chinese medicinal herbs, and it is a banned pesticide; its production, sale and use are all illegal acts.
I. Health Hazards
1. Routes of entry: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.
2. Health hazards: inhibits cholinesterase activity, causing neurophysiological dysfunction.
3. Acute poisoning: short-term exposure to large amounts (oral, inhalation, skin, mucous membranes) causes acute poisoning. Manifestations include headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, salivation, constricted pupils, increased respiratory secretions, excessive sweating, muscle fasciculations, etc. In severe cases, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, coma and respiratory paralysis occur. Some cases may have heart, liver and kidney damage. A small number of severe cases develop peripheral neuropathy weeks or months after regaining consciousness. Individual severe cases may experience delayed sudden death. Blood cholinesterase activity decreases.
4. Chronic poisoning: still debated. There are neurasthenic syndrome, excessive sweating, muscle fasciculations, etc. Blood cholinesterase activity decreases.
II. Disposal Methods
1. Empty bottles must be washed clean, broken and buried deep, or returned to the relevant department for centralized disposal; they must never be used for any other purpose.
2. Emergency handling of leaks: quickly evacuate the contaminated leak area, strictly restrict entry and exit. Cut off ignition sources, do not directly contact the leaked material. Small leak: absorb or adsorb with sand or other non-combustible material. Large leak: build dikes or dig pits to contain it; cover with foam to reduce vapor hazards. Use a pump to transfer it to a tank truck or dedicated collector, and recover it or transport it to a waste disposal site for disposal. If it is a solid, use a clean shovel to collect it into a dry, clean, covered container. If a large amount leaks, collect it for recovery or transport it to a waste disposal site for disposal.
3. In acute poisoning, immediately remove the patient from the scene, take off contaminated clothing, and thoroughly wash all contaminated body areas with soapy water or an alkaline solution. If ingested orally, gastric lavage should be performed with 2% sodium bicarbonate or light saline; potassium permanganate solution must not be used for gastric lavage (it would oxidize this product into a more toxic compound), and pralidoxime (PAM) tablets or 1 to 2 atropine tablets should be taken. For eye contamination, rinse with soda water or physiological saline.
4. Firefighting: use water, sand or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire, and take care to wear reliable anti-poison and protective equipment to prevent personal poisoning.
Pesticide 3911 is currently banned by the state, so everyone must absolutely not use, sell or produce this pesticide; other legal pesticides can be chosen as substitutes.