Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Winter Jujube

Winter jujube is sweet and crisp, a fruit that many people love to eat, and many people grow it too, so what are the high-efficiency cultivation techniques for winter jujube? Let's find out together!

1. Growth habits of winter jujube

1. Strong main bud sprouting ability: when pruning winter jujube in winter, only the main branches of the jujube head are cut back, and the main buds at the base of the secondary branches below the cut can also send out new jujube heads;

2. Jujube hanging shoots stop growing late: winter jujube hanging shoots have the habit of secondary growth, and the second vigorous growth of hanging shoots occurs in mid-to-late June, which easily competes for nutrients with the flowering and fruit setting of winter jujube and is generally unfavorable for fruit setting, so pinching should be carried out;

3. Secondary branches tend to grow apically: after leaving several secondary branches on a new jujube head and pinching, the first secondary branch below the cut often grows apically (slanting upward and growing upright), so that the jujube head branch after pinching still grows vigorously and stops growing late;

4. Large tree growth volume, jujube flowers open at night: because winter jujube flowers open at night, green plant bugs, under high-temperature weather during the flowering period, do not move during the day and feed heavily on jujube flowers at night, preventing the flowers from setting fruit. Therefore, in the management of winter jujube, controlling the damage of green plant bugs before flowering is the guarantee of high and stable yields of winter jujube;

5. Strong early flowering and early fruiting ability, low natural fruit-setting rate: winter jujube trees grafted in the same year often bear fruit all over the branches, showing strong early flowering and early fruiting ability. However, winter jujube has a large number of flowers and a low natural fruit-setting rate, so to promote fruit setting, ring-barking should be carried out during the flowering period. Under the same conditions, the ring-barking time for winter jujube should be 2-3 days later than for small jujube.

2. High-efficiency cultivation techniques for winter jujube

1. Choose fertile land with good drainage and convenient irrigation for planting.

2. Choose high-quality seedlings and plant them according to suitable row spacing and depth.

Seedling selection requirements: pure variety, seedling height above 1 m, base stem diameter about 1 cm, good grafting of rootstock and scion, no pests or diseases, full growth, and complete and well-developed root system.

Because newly planted young trees have small root systems, the topsoil above the roots is very loose, and water evaporates easily, so it is difficult to ensure the water needed for root growth without mulching. Mulching cultivation is not only conducive to improving the water supply near the roots, but also improves the soil aggregate structure and raises the ground temperature, not only making seedling recovery fast, but also rarely causing seedling death.

3. After the saplings survive, reasonable fertilization and watering are also needed, and during the growth period attention should also be paid to pruning branches.

Jujube tree fertilization is divided into two types: rhizosphere fertilization and foliar topdressing. Rhizosphere fertilization is carried out in 5 periods: before bud break, before flowering, young fruit development stage, fruit expansion stage, and before and after leaf fall.

Winter jujube is not very sensitive to water requirements, but attention should still be paid to watering 2-3 times when there is drought before flowering, during the flowering period, and during the young fruit development stage. Timely and appropriate watering, combined with fertilization, has a very significant yield-increasing effect on winter jujube.

4. During the planting process, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

The most common ecological pest control measure for winter jujube in China is raising chickens in the jujube orchard; the chickens' foraging reduces the probability of pest outbreaks, and the chicken manure is a good fertilizer for winter jujube.