How to grow rapeseed? Planting methods and key technical points
Rapeseed can be used for pressing oil, and the seedlings after sowing can be used for cooking, with a very good taste, and it is grown in many regions, so how do you grow rapeseed?
1. Planting time
The sowing time of rapeseed is very critical; different places have different climates, so you must adapt to local conditions. Generally speaking, without considering the region, the most suitable sowing temperature for rapeseed is about 10-17°C, so we generally choose the period from mid-September to late October for sowing. For spring sowing, the time is generally around March.
2. Land selection and soil preparation
Rapeseed has strong adaptability, so its requirements for soil are not that strict. However, for relatively clayey land, when preparing the soil, be careful to first turn the soil over and let it dry in the sun for a few days. Before sowing, water the land once, then after two days spread compound fertilizer and turn the soil over again.
3. Sowing
Rapeseed has two methods: direct sowing and raising seedlings. Among them, direct sowing is to sow rapeseed in rows at a certain spacing. After seedlings grow, thin out the denser areas and take them for cooking. The second method is to first cultivate rapeseed seedlings well, and then plant them one by one at a certain spacing.
4. Field management
(1) Fertilization requirements: When rapeseed grows to 15-20 cm, apply fertilizer and weed the field once. The fertilizer applied this time is urea, for the purpose of growing seedlings. When rapeseed grows to about 40 cm, apply fertilizer a second time; this fertilization is farmyard manure. The last fertilization is before flowering, spraying boron fertilizer, which helps the later fruit be more abundant.
(2) Cold and freeze protection: Covering the rapeseed bed surface with rice straw, spreading plant ash, or decomposed finely crushed organic fertilizer can not only increase soil temperature, enhance rapeseed's ability to resist cold and freezing, and ensure rapeseed safely overwinters, but also improve soil structure. For rapeseed fields with a high groundwater level, pay attention to clearing ditches and draining waterlogging to avoid waterlogged water turning into ice and worsening frost damage.
(3) Chemical control for seedling suppression: If rapeseed transplanted early grows too vigorously, spraying Zhuangjingling in mid-to-late December can make plant stems thick and strong, leaves thick and plump, leaf color fresh and tender, and plants lush, with a strong natural taste. At the same time, it can improve disaster resistance, reduce the amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and lower residual toxicity.
(4) Disease and insect control: The main diseases and insect pests of rapeseed are sclerotinia, downy mildew, white rust, and aphids. At present, aphid damage is the most serious, and aphids also spread viral diseases, so it is necessary to treat early and treat well, achieving the effect of controlling insects and preventing diseases. Imidacloprid 3000-4000 times solution spray + New High Lipid Membrane can be used to control aphids. For diseases occurring in rapeseed after the beginning of spring, you can deepen the “three ditches” to lower the groundwater level, remove lower old leaves, and at the same time, when the leaf disease plant rate reaches 10% and the stem disease plant rate reaches 1% at the early flowering stage, spray pesticide in time for control, using 50% carbendazim plus New High Lipid Membrane spray for control.