Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Quality Upland Rice Cultivation Techniques
Rice is an important food crop in our country, grown in every region, and now it can also be grown in mountainous areas with high yields. So what are the high-quality upland rice cultivation techniques?
1. Seed selection
Upland rice varieties are diverse and suitable for different planting regions, so when selecting seeds, it is advisable to choose varieties with well-developed root systems, strong drought tolerance, a growth period about 10 days earlier than local rice varieties, and rapid growth and development. Suitable varieties for planting include Shandao, 9534, Danjing 5, Danjing 6, Han 297, Han 96—8, and Liaohan 95─1.
2. Seed treatment
Before sowing, sun-dry the seeds and carefully select them, then use 150 g of 25% carbendazim mixed with 50 g of water to soak the seeds for 48 hours.
3. Sowing
According to local conditions, choose an appropriate method, then sow the seeds evenly onto the seedbed, finally cover with a layer of plant ash and soil, water lightly, and cover with plastic film.
4. Transplanting
When the rice seedlings grow to about 20 cm, pull up the seedlings with roots and soil attached, then plant them in furrows 5 cm deep with a row spacing of 25-30 cm; a planting depth of about 2 cm is best.
5. Post-transplanting management techniques
(1) Water requirements: Upland rice mainly relies on natural rainfall for water, which is generally sufficient except in special drought years. Pay attention to supplemental watering during the tillering, booting, and grain-filling stages. Supplemental watering during the tillering stage promotes early and abundant tillering and increases effective tillers. The first supplemental watering should not be too much; excessive watering will cause drought-adapted roots to transform into water-adapted roots, affecting growth. The booting stage is the period when upland rice is most sensitive to water, so timely and adequate irrigation is needed. Good grain-filling irrigation plays an important role in improving the seed-setting rate and increasing the thousand-grain weight, so irrigate promptly when rainfall is insufficient.
(2) Fertilizer requirements: Generally, apply 37-45 tonnes of decomposed manure or barnyard manure per hectare. At sowing, apply 510-600 kg of superphosphate and 300 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare, and during the tillering stage apply 150-187 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare as topdressing. When the ear differentiates after jointing, apply a small amount of ear-grain fertilizer, 37.5-60 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare; applying ear-grain fertilizer can prevent premature senescence in the later stage and increase the number of grains per ear and the seed-setting rate.
(3) Pest and disease control: The common disease of upland rice is rice blast. In particular, neck blast and branch blast should be the focus of control. At 7-10 days before heading and at the full heading stage, use 100 g/mu of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder mixed with 50 kg of water for one spray each time. Common pests harming upland rice include rice leaf roller, striped rice borer, and yellow rice borer. Generally, 7-10 days after the peak moth period, use 150 mL of 50% methamidophos or 200 mL of 25% dimehypo per mu, mixed with 50 kg of water for spraying.