A Detailed Guide to Common Bean Cultivation Techniques: Planting Methods and Management Key Points

In many places, the common bean is called the green bean, and it is one of the more popular vegetables among podded vegetables; in rural areas, every household plants a small plot of it. So what are the common bean cultivation techniques?

1. Common bean cultivation techniques

1. Land preparation and fertilization

We generally do not plant on wasteland that has not been cultivated for several consecutive years, because that kind of soil has relatively many pests, diseases, and pathogens, is not suitable for common bean cultivation, and very likely will not produce pods. When preparing the land, we try to plow the soil over after the previous crop has been harvested, as this can reduce some pests and diseases. During land preparation, we generally make ridges and furrows at a spacing of 20 to 20, then evenly spread a layer of livestock manure or dry grass and wood on the ridges, and then we can wait to sow.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

The seed coat of the common bean is relatively hard, so if sown directly, the sprouting speed is very slow. Therefore, we first put the seeds in the sun to bake for two or three days, then soak the seeds in formalin solution for about ten minutes, then remove them and rinse the chemical off with clean water, then dry them and they are ready for sowing. There are three sowing methods. The first is drilling, that is, sowing the seeds row by row on the prepared ridges. The second is hole sowing, making holes on the ridges at a spacing of 30 cm per plant and sowing. The third is transplanting. First, cultivate the common bean seeds on a seedbed, and when they grow to about 10 cm, transplant them to the prepared field.

3. Temperature management

The common bean has relatively strict temperature requirements. First, its cold resistance is extremely poor; second, it also stops growing under high-temperature conditions. Therefore, when planting common beans, special attention must be paid to temperature regulation. In the Hunan region, we generally plant common beans in March or April in spring, and then around June they produce common beans. The temperature during this period is basically stable at around 15 to 28 degrees, so the temperature is just right, neither hot nor cold. The common bean stops growing when the temperature is below 10 degrees and is killed by heat in an environment above 30 degrees. Therefore, as much as possible, we plant according to the seasonal changes of the region. At the same time, greenhouse technology can also be used for planting, which makes temperature management simpler.

4. Fertilizer and water management

The fertilizer and water requirements throughout the common bean growing period are as follows. Under normal circumstances, after common beans are planted, the first watering and fertilization are needed after establishment. At this time, it is to make the growth of the common bean seedlings in the field even. We generally water with human excrement and urine water, then mix in 50 jin of urea. The second fertilization is when the common beans begin to climb. At this time, a large amount of nutrients is needed, but it must also be reasonably controlled to prevent excessive vegetative growth without flowering and podding. On average, 30 jin of urea, 20 jin of phosphate fertilizer, and 20 jin of potassium fertilizer are mixed and broadcast per mu. The third fertilization is when the common beans flower and set pods. We can promote flowering and also increase the pod-setting rate. For this fertilization, on the basis of the second fertilization, an additional 30 jin of boron fertilizer is applied.

5. Trellising management

To increase the yield of common beans, when the common bean seedlings grow to about 30 cm, we generally build some trellises or frames, connect them with ropes on each trellis, then guide the common bean seedlings plant by plant onto the trellises, letting them climb and grow along the ropes on the trellises. In this way, the yield is much higher than when they crawl and grow on the ground, and at the same time it also avoids the occurrence of many pests and diseases, so trellising is very necessary.

6. Disease control

Common beans have relatively few diseases. The most common are probably leaf blight and root rot. For these two diseases, ordinary growers know how to prevent them, since they are common problems of all crops. First, to prevent these two diseases, we must do a good job in field management. Then when the disease occurs, we can use carbendazim solvent for control. The most important thing is to prevent insect pests, mainly armyworms, aphids, inchworms, and cabbage worms. The most effective control method is to spray the bean seedlings with trichlorfon solvent or Bordeaux mixture.